Please number your paper from 1-100 and answer these questions in order. Disregard the number sequence.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
1. When private railroad promoters asked the United States government for subsidies to build their railroads, they gave all of the following reasons for their request except that it was
[A] too costly without government help.
[B] impossible to serve military and postal needs without government help.
[C] too unprofitable in some areas without government help.
[D] too costly to move people in some areas without government help.
[E] too risky without government help.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
2. During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad barons
[A] relied exclusively on Chinese labor.
[B] built their railroads with government assistance.
[C] rejected government assistance.
[D] focused on public service.
[E] refused to get involved in politics.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
3. The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with
[A] cash grants from new taxes.
[B] reduced prices for iron and steel.
[C] cash grants from higher tariffs.
[D] land grants.
[E] aid for construction of railroad stations.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
4. Match each railroad company below with the correct entrepreneur.
___ A. James J. Hill
___ B. Cornelius Vanderbilt
___ C. Leland Stanford
1. Central Pacific
2. New York Central
3. Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe
4. Great Northern
[A] A-3, B-4, C-2
[B] A-4, B-2, C-1
[C] A-4, B-3, C-1
[D] A-1, B-3, C-4
[E] A-2, B-1, C-3
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
5. The only transcontinental railroad built without government aid was the
[A] Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe.
[B] New York Central.
[C] Great Northern.
[D] Northern Pacific.
[E] Union Pacific.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
6. One by-product of the development of the railroads was
[A] a loss of population in the East.
[B] the movement of people to cities.
[C] fewer big cities.
[D] a scattering of the U.S. population.
[E] a reduction in immigration to the United States.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
7. The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was
[A] mining.
[B] agriculture.
[C] the railroad network.
[D] the steel industry.
[E] electric power.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
8. The United States changed to standard time zones when
[A] factories demanded standard time schedules.
[B] the major rail lines decreed the division of the continent into four time zones so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks.
[C] long-distance telephones required standard time coordination.
[D] Congress passed a law establishing this system.
[E] all of these.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
9. Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called
[A] pools.
[B] trusts.
[C] rebates.
[D] interlocking directorates.
[E] holding companies.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
10. Early railroad owners formed “pools” in order to
[A] avoid wasteful competition.
[B] choose the best workers.
[C] water their stock.
[D] divide business in a particular area and share profits.
[E] increase competition by establishing more companies.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
11. Efforts to regulate the monopolizing practices of railroad corporations first came in the form of action by
[A] private lawsuits.
[B] Congress.
[C] the Supreme Court.
[D] state legislatures.
[E] President Cleveland.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
12. The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the
[A] Federal Communications Commission.
[B] Federal Anti-Trust Commission.
[C] Consumer Affairs Commission.
[D] Interstate Commerce Commission.
[E] Federal Trade Commission.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
13. One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it
[A] actually did nothing to control the abuses of big business.
[B] failed to prohibit some of the worst abuses of big business, such as pools and rebates.
[C] revolutionized the business system.
[D] represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business.
[E] invoked the Constitution’s interstate commerce clause.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
14. After the Civil War, the plentiful supply of unskilled labor in the United States
[A] was not a significant force, because industrialization required skilled workers.
[B] increasingly found work in agriculture.
[C] came almost exclusively from rural America.
[D] was almost entirely native born.
[E] helped to build the nation into an industrial giant.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
15. One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was
[A] support for the idea of a centrally planned economy.
[B] increased competition.
[C] funding research on new technologies.
[D] elimination of as much competition as possible.
[E] elimination of the tactic of vertical integration.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
16. Match each entrepreneur below with the form of business combination with which he is historically identified.
___ A. Andrew Carnegie
___ B. John D. Rockefeller
___ C. J. Pierpont Morgan
1. interlocking directorate
2. trust
3. vertical integration
4. pool
[A] A-1, B-3, C-2
[B] A-4, B-1, C-3
[C] A-2, B-4, C-1
[D] A-3, B-2, C-4
[E] A-3, B-2, C-1
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
17. Match each entrepreneur below with the field of enterprise with which he is historically identified.
___ A. Andrew Carnegie
___ B. John D. Rockefeller
___ C. J. Pierpont Morgan
___ D. James Duke
1. steel
2. oil
3. tobacco
4. banking
[A] A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
[B] A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
[C] A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
[D] A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
[E] A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
18. The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of
[A] John P. Altgeld.
[B] Henry Bessemer.
[C] Henry Clay Frick.
[D] Thomas Edison.
[E] Jay Gould.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
19. J.P. Morgan monitored his competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as a(n)
[A] interlocking dictorate.
[B] vertical integration.
[C] trust.
[D] pool.
[E] holding company.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
20. America’s first billion-dollar corporation was
[A] General Electric (GE).
[B] United States Steel.
[C] American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T).
[D] Standard Oil.
[E] The Union Pacific Railroad.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
21. The first major product of the oil industry was
[A] lighter fluid.
[B] kerosene.
[C] natural gas.
[D] heating oil.
[E] gasoline.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
22. The oil industry became a huge business
[A] when oil was discovered in Texas.
[B] with the building of electric generator plants.
[C] when it was taken over by the government.
[D] when diesel engines were perfected.
[E] with the invention of the internal combustion engine.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
23. John D. Rockefeller used all of the following tactics to achieve success in the oil industry except
[A] using high-pressure sales methods.
[B] pursuing a policy of rule or ruin.
[C] showing mercy to his competitors.
[D] employing spies.
[E] extorting rebates from railroads.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
24. The gospel of wealth, which associated godliness with wealth,
[A] was opposed by most clergymen.
[B] stimulated efforts to help minorities.
[C] discouraged efforts to help the poor.
[D] inspired the wealthy to try to help the poor.
[E] relied on the sayings of Jesus.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
25. To help corporations, the courts ingeniously interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment, which was designed to protect the rights of ex-slaves, so as to
[A] incorporate big businesses.
[B] allow the captains of industry to avoid paying taxes.
[C] help freedmen to work in factories.
[D] avoid corporate regulation by the states.
[E] protect the civil rights of business people.
26. The __________ Amendment was especially helpful to giant corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments.
[A] Fifth
[B] Sixteenth
[C] Fifteenth
[D] Seventeenth
[E] Fourteenth
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
27. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was at first primarily used to curb the power of
[A] labor unions.
[B] state legislatures.
[C] manufacturing corporations.
[D] railroad corporations.
[E] banking syndicates.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
28. During the age of industrialization, the South
[A] remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural.
[B] turned away from agriculture.
[C] held to its “Old South” ideology.
[D] took full advantage of the new economic trends.
[E] received preferential treatment from the railroads.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
32. One of the greatest changes that industrialization brought about in the lives of workers was
[A] the need for them to adjust their lives to the time clock.
[B] the narrowing of class divisions.
[C] their movement to the suburbs.
[D] the opportunity to relearn the ideals of Thomas Jefferson.
[E] the encounter with other races.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
33. The group most affected by the new industrial age was
[A] African-Americans.
[B] southerners.
[C] women.
[D] Native Americans.
[E] small town residents.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
34. To provide workers with job security, reformers wanted to introduce all of the following except
[A] wage protection.
[B] job protection.
[C] temporary unemployment compensation.
[D] establishment of a workers’ political party.
[E] safety and health codes.
36. Most women workers of the 1890s worked for
[A] the service sector.
[B] glamour.
[C] economic necessity.
[D] independence.
[E] personal spending money.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
37. Which one of the following is least like the other three?
[A] company town
[B] closed shop
[C] yellow dog contract
[D] lockout
[E] blacklist
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
38. Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor
[A] independent workers and craftsmen.
[B] labor unions.
[C] state regulatory agencies.
[D] individual entrepreneurs.
[E] corporations.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
39. Match each labor organization below with the correct description.
___ A. National Labor Union
___ B. Knights of Labor
___ C. American Federation of Labor
1. the “one big union” that championed producer cooperatives and industrial arbitration
2. a social-reform union killed by the depression of the 1870s
3. an association of unions pursuing higher wages, shorter working hours, and better working conditions
[A] A-1, B-3, C-2
[B] A-3, B-1, C-2
[C] A-3, B-2, C-1
[D] A-2, B-1, C-3
[E] A-1, B-2, C-3
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
40. In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National Labor Union won
[A] an eight-hour day for government workers.
[B] the right to collective bargaining.
[C] equal pay for women.
[D] government arbitration for industrial disputes.
[E] an eight-hour day for all workers.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
41. One group barred from membership in the Knights of Labor was
[A] women.
[B] Irish.
[C] African-Americans.
[D] Chinese.
[E] social reformers.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
42. The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when
[A] labor controlled the government.
[B] labor would own and operate businesses and industries.
[C] workers accepted the concept of craft unions.
[D] business would understand the principles of social justice.
[E] the government owned the means of production.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
43. The Knights of Labor believed that republican traditions and institutions could be preserved from corrupt monopolists
[A] through the destruction of the American Federation of Labor.
[B] by strengthening the economic and political independence of the workers.
[C] by forming an independent political movement.
[D] when Republicans were removed from office.
[E] by the development of strong craft unions.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
44. One of the major reasons the Knights of Labor failed was its
[A] lack of class consciousness.
[B] failure to admit women to its ranks.
[C] support of skilled workers.
[D] racial exclusiveness.
[E] abandonment of the concept of independent producers.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
45. The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was the
[A] Knights of Labor.
[B] National Labor Union.
[C] Knights of Columbus.
[D] American Federation of Labor.
[E] Congress of Industrial Organizations.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
46. By 1900, American attitudes toward labor began to change as the public came to recognize the right of workers to bargain collectively and strike. Nevertheless,
[A] Congress declared the AFL illegal.
[B] labor unions continued to decline in membership.
[C] workers began to turn to the Socialist Party.
[D] the American Federation of Labor failed to take advantage of the situation.
[E] the vast majority of employers continued to fight organized labor.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
47. By 1900, organized labor in America
[A] had begun to develop a positive image with the public.
[B] had enrolled nearly half of the industrial labor force.
[C] relied heavily on the National Labor Relations Board.
[D] had temporarily ceased to exist.
[E] was accepted by the majority of employers as a permanent part of the new industrial economy.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
48. Some people who found fault with the captains of industry argued that these men
[A] were basically socialists.
[B] tried to take the United States back to its old values.
[C] failed to develop the industrial system quickly.
[D] retarded technological advances.
[E] diminished the workers’ quality of life.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
49. Historians critical of the captains of industry and capitalism concede that class-based protest has never been a powerful force in the United States because
[A] America has greater social mobility than Europe has.
[B] most employers tried to treat their workers well.
[C] many Americans inherited fortunes.
[D] few Europeans brought their political philosophies to the United States.
[E] the captains of industry did not allow protest to take root.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
50. All of the following were important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion except
[A] a political climate favoring business.
[B] American ingenuity and inventiveness.
[C] an abundance of natural resources.
[D] a large pool of unskilled labor.
[E] immigration restrictions.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
51. The tremendously rapid growth of American cities in the post-Civil War decades was
[A] fueled by an agricultural system suffering from poor production levels.
[B] uniquely American.
[C] a result of natural reproduction.
[D] a trend that affected Europe as well.
[E] attributable to the closing of the frontier.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
52. The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was
[A] the lure of cultural excitement.
[B] the availability of industrial jobs.
[C] the development of the skyscraper.
[D] the advent of new housing structures known as dumbbell tenements.
[E] the compact nature of those large communities.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
53. One of the early symbols of the dawning era of consumerism in urban America was
[A] the development of factories.
[B] public transportation systems.
[C] the rise of large department stores.
[D] advertising billboards.
[E] the Sears catalog.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
54. Which one of the following has the least in common with the other four?
[A] dumbbell tenements
[B] flophouses
[C] slums
[D] the “Lung Block”
[E] bedroom communities
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
55. The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880
[A] were numerous but never constituted a majority of the immigrants in any given year.
[B] represented nonwhite racial groups.
[C] had experience with democratic governments.
[D] received a warm welcome from the Old Immigrants.
[E] were culturally different from previous immigrants.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
56. Most Italian immigrants to the United States between 1880 and 1920 came to escape
[A] the military draft.
[B] the poverty and slow modernization of southern Italy.
[C] political oppression.
[D] famine.
[E] the political disintegration of their country.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
57. A “bird of passage” was an immigrant who
[A] was unmarried.
[B] flew from job to job.
[C] came to America to work for a short time and then returned to Europe.
[D] came to the United States to live permanently.
[E] only passed through America on his or her way to Canada.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
58. Most New Immigrants
[A] were quickly assimilated into the mainstream of American life.
[B] tried to preserve their Old Country culture in America.
[C] were converted to mainstream Protestantism.
[D] were subjected to stringent immigration restrictions.
[E] eventually returned to their country of origin.
67. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution
[A] was attacked most bitterly by orator Colonel Robert Ingersoll.
[B] left open the question of human origins.
[C] was opposed by religious Modernists.
[D] cast serious doubt on a literal interpretation of the Bible.
[E] helped to unite college teachers of biology in support of the theory of “survival of the fittest.”
69. Americans offered growing support for a free public education system
[A] when private schools began to fold.
[B] because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens.
[C] to combat the growing strength of Catholic parochial schools.
[D] as a way of identifying an intellectual elite.
[E] when the Chautauqua movement began to decline
70. Booker T. Washington believed that the key to political and civil rights for African-Americans was
[A] rigorous academic training.
[B] economic independence.
[C] the vote.
[D] the rejection of accommodationist attitudes.
[E] to directly challenge white supremacy.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
71. The post-Civil War era witnessed
[A] rejection of the German system of kindergartens.
[B] an emphasis on liberal arts colleges.
[C] a slow rise in the illiteracy rate.
[D] an increase in compulsory school-attendance laws.
[E] the collapse of the Chautauqua movement.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
72. As a leader of the African-American community, Booker T. Washington
[A] discovered hundreds of uses for the peanut.
[B] advocated social equality.
[C] grudgingly acquiesced to segregation.
[D] promoted black political activism.
[E] helped to found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
73. That a “talented tenth” of American blacks should lead the race to full social and political equality with whites was the view of
[A] George Washington Carver
[B] Booker T. Washington.
[C] Ida B. Wells.
[D] Paul Laurence Dunbar.
[E] W. E. B. Du Bois.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
74. The Morrill Act of 1862
[A] mandated racial integration in public schools.
[B] granted public lands to states to support higher education.
[C] required compulsory school attendance through high school.
[D] established the modern American research university.
[E] established women’s colleges like Vassar.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
75. Black leader Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois
[A] supported the goals of Booker T. Washington.
[B] demanded complete equality for African-Americans.
[C] established an industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama.
[D] was an ex-slave who rose to fame.
[E] none of these.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
76. In the decades after the Civil War, college education for women
[A] resulted in the passage of the Hatch Act.
[B] blossomed especially in the South.
[C] was confined to women’s colleges.
[D] became much more common.
[E] became more difficult to obtain.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
77. Which of the following schools became a prominent scholarly academic institution for African-Americans in the late 1800s?
[A] Tuskegee Institute
[B] Howard University
[C] Harvard University
[D] Temple University
[E] the University of Chicago
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
78. During the industrial revolution, life expectancy
[A] measurably increased.
[B] rose for women more than men.
[C] changed very little.
[D] decreased.
[E] was much higher in Europe than in the United States.
80. In a country hungry for news, American newspapers
[A] came to rely less on syndicated material.
[B] crusaded for social reform.
[C] became sensationalist.
[D] printed hard-hitting editorials.
[E] repudiated the tactics of Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
81. Henry George found the root of social inequality and social injustice in
[A] stock speculators and financiers who manipulated the price of real goods and services.
[B] landowners who gained unearned wealth from rising land values.
[C] patriarchal ideologies that regarded women as inferior domestic beings.
[D] labor unions that artificially drove up the prices of wages and therefore goods.
[E] businesspeople who gained excessive profits by exploiting workers.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
82. Henry George argued that the unearned windfall profits of those who did not work for them should be
[A] prevented through communal land ownership.
[B] distributed to public works through private philanthropy.
[C] looked upon as the inevitable consequence of “the survival of the fittest.”
[D] confiscated by government taxation.
[E] saved and invested for the benefit of the community.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
83. General Lewis Wallace’s book Ben Hur
[A] achieved success only after his death.
[B] detailed Wallace’s experiences in the Civil War.
[C] defended Christianity against Darwinism.
[D] emphasized that virtue, honesty, and hard work were rewarded by success.
[E] was based on a popular early movie.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
84. Match each of these late-nineteenth-century writers with the theme of his work.
___ A. Lewis Wallace
___ B. Horatio Alger
___ C. Henry James
___ D. William Dean Howells
1. success and honor as the products of honesty and hard work
2. anti-Darwinism support for the Holy Scriptures
3. contemporary social problems like divorce, labor strikes, and socialism
4. psychological realism and the dilemmas of sophisticated women.
[A] A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
[B] A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
[C] A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
[D] A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
[E] A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
85. American novel-writing turned from romanticism and transcendentalism to rugged realism as a result of the
[A] influence of Latin American literature.
[B] materialism of industrial society.
[C] impact of race relations.
[D] higher educational level of the authors.
[E] prominence of women writers.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
86. The Comstock Law was intended to advance the cause of
[A] public health.
[B] woman suffrage.
[C] sexual purity.
[D] temperance.
[E] racial equality.
89. By 1900, advocates of women’s suffrage
[A] formed strong alliances with African-Americans seeking voting rights.
[B] argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world.
[C] temporarily abandoned the movement for the vote.
[D] insisted on the inherent political and moral equality of men and women.
[E] argued that women’s biology gave them a fundamentally different character from men.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
90. One of the most important factors leading to an increased divorce rate in the late nineteenth century was the
[A] stresses of urban life.
[B] decline in farm income.
[C] passage of more liberal divorce laws.
[D] decline of religious organizations.
[E] emerging feminist movement.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
91. The National American Woman Suffrage Association
[A] limited its membership to whites.
[B] elected Ida B. Wells as its president.
[C] achieved its goal in 1898.
[D] conducted an integrated campaign for equal rights.
[E] abandoned the goals of Susan Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
92. The subject of the Eighteenth Amendment was
[A] prohibition.
[B] the poll tax.
[C] woman suffrage.
[D] direct election of senators.
[E] income tax.
94. During industrialization, Americans increasingly
[A] had less free time.
[B] fragmented into diverse consumer markets.
[C] became less optimistic.
[D] became more inefficient.
[E] fell into the ways of lockstep living.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
95. The various racial and ethnic groups in large cities, though living in different neighborhoods, shared which of the following activities?
[A] reading
[B] shopping
[C] sports
[D] popular show business
[E] all of these
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
96. In post-Civil War America, Indians surrendered their lands only when they
[A] traded land for rifles and blankets.
[B] received solemn promises from the government that they would be left alone and provided with supplies.
[C] lost their mobility as the whites killed their horses.
[D] were allowed to control the supply of food and other staples to the reservations.
[E] chose to migrate farther west.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
97. In the warfare that raged between the Indians and the American military, the
[A] Indians and soldiers tried to avoid direct battle.
[B] Indians were never as well armed as the soldiers.
[C] soldiers showed great mobility on their swift horses.
[D] Indians proved to be no match for the soldiers.
[E] Indians’ superb horsemanship often defeated U.S. soldiers.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
98. The Indians battled whites for all the following reasons except to
[A] defend their lands against white invaders.
[B] preserve their nomadic way of life against forced settlement.
[C] rescue their women who had been exiled to Oklahoma.
[D] avenge savage massacres of Indians by whites.
[E] punish whites for breaking treaties.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
99. Match each Indian chief below with his tribe.
___ A. Chief Joseph
___ B. Sitting Bull
___ C. Geronimo
1. Apache
2. Cheyenne
3. Nez Percé
4. Sioux
[A] A-2, B-4, C-3
[B] A-1, B-3, C-4
[C] A-3, B-4, C-1
[D] A-4, B-3, C-2
[E] A-1, B-2, C-3
101. The Plains Indians were finally forced to surrender
[A] when the army began using artillery against them.
[B] by their constant intertribal warfare.
[C] after such famous leaders as Geronimo and Sitting Bull were killed.
[D] when they settled on reservations.
[E] by the virtual extermination of the buffalo.
103. The buffalo were nearly exterminated
[A] by disease.
[B] by the trains racing across the Great Plains.
[C] through wholesale butchery by whites.
[D] when their meat became valued in eastern markets.
[E] as a result of being overhunted by the Indians.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
104. A Century of Dishonor (1881), which chronicled the dismal history of Indian-white relations, was authored by
[A] Harriet Beecher Stowe.
[B] Joseph F. Glidden.
[C] Helen Hunt Jackson.
[D] Chief Joseph.
[E] William F. Cody.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
105. The humanitarians who wanted to treat the Indians kindly
[A] had little respect for traditional Indian culture.
[B] believed that Indians should not be forced to “walk the white man’s way.”
[C] opposed passage of the Dawes Act.
[D] advocated allowing the Ghost Dance to continue.
[E] advocated improving the reservation system.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
106. To assimilate Indians into American society, the Dawes Act did all of the following except
[A] try to make rugged individualists of the Indians.
[B] dissolve many tribes as legal entities.
[C] promise Indians U.S. citizenship in twenty-five years.
[D] wipe out tribal ownership of land.
[E] outlaw the sacred Sun Dance.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
107. The United States government’s outlawing of the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the
[A] Dawes Severalty Act.
[B] Battle of Wounded Knee.
[C] Battle of Little Big Horn.
[D] Sand Creek massacre.
[E] Carlisle Indian School.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
108. The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote Indian
[A] culture.
[B] prosperity.
[C] education.
[D] annihilation.
[E] assimilation.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
109. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Dawes Severalty Act is passed; (B) Oklahoma land rush takes place; (C) Indians are granted full citizenship; (D) Congress restores the tribal basis of Indian life.
[A] C, B, D, A
[B] B, A, C, D
[C] D, C, A, B
[D] A, B, C, D
[E] A, D, B, C
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
110. The enormous mineral wealth taken from the mining frontier
[A] solved the Indian problem.
[B] enabled the West to be free of federal interference.
[C] profited individual prospectors but not corporations.
[D] helped to finance the Civil War.
[E] solved the currency problem.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
111. The mining frontier played a vital role in
[A] bringing law and order to the West.
[B] influencing the government to go off the gold standard.
[C] attracting population to the West.
[D] ensuring that the mining industry would remain in the hands of independent, small operations.
[E] forcing the Indians off the Great Plains.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
112. Bitter conflict between whites and Indians intensified
[A] after the Battle of Wounded Knee.
[B] as the mining frontier expanded.
[C] as a result of vigilante justice.
[D] during the Civil War.
[E] when big business took over the mining industry.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
113. The wild frontier towns where the three major cattle trails from Texas ended were
[A] Topeka, Kansas; Omaha, Nebraska; and Casper, Wyoming.
[B] Tulsa, Oklahoma; Santa Fe, New Mexico; and Denver, Colorado.
[C] Atchison, Kansas; Greeley, Colorado; and Bozeman, Montana.
[D] Kansas City, Kansas; Pueblo, Colorado; and Laramie, Wyoming.
[E] Abilene, Kansas; Ogalalla, Nebraska; and Cheyenne, Wyoming.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
114. One problem with the Homestead Act was that
[A] it took several years to earn a profit from farming.
[B] 160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain-scarce Great Plains.
[C] midwestern farmers had to give up raising livestock because of stiff competition with the West.
[D] the railroads purchased most of this land.
[E] public land was sold for revenue.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
115. The Homestead Act assumed that public land would be administered in such a way as to
[A] promote frontier settlement.
[B] raise government revenue.
[C] guarantee shipments for the railroads.
[D] favor large-scale “bonanza” farms.
[E] conserve natural resources.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
116. The Homestead Act
[A] managed to end the fraud that was common with other government land programs.
[B] was responsible for the sale of more land than any other agency.
[C] sold more land to bona fide farmers than to land promoters.
[D] was criticized as a federal government giveaway.
[E] was a drastic departure from previous government public land policy.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
117. A major problem faced by settlers on the Great Plains in the 1870s was
[A] the high price of land.
[B] the opposition of miners.
[C] overcrowding.
[D] the scarcity of water.
[E] the low market value of grain.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
118. In the long run, the group that did the most to shape the modern West was the
[A] railroad men.
[B] cowboys.
[C] hydraulic engineers.
[D] miners.
[E] trappers.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
119. “Sooners” were settlers who “jumped the gun” to
[A] stake claims in the Comstock Lode in Nevada.
[B] drive the first cattle to Montana and Wyoming.
[C] pan gold in California.
[D] grab town sites in the Dakotas.
[E] claim land in Oklahoma.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
120. Among the following, the least likely to migrate to the cattle and farming frontier were
[A] eastern farmers.
[B] Midwestern farmers.
[C] eastern city dwellers.
[D] blacks.
[E] recent immigrants.
