APUSH Final Exam Ch 37-39
1. Americans feared that the end of World War II would bring mainly
[A] a new war with the Soviet Union.
[B] a resurgent Nazi Germany.
[C] a return of the Depression.
[D] renewed racial tensions.
[E] a staggering round of deflation.
3. On the home front in 1946, postwar America was characterized by
[A] severe unemployment of returned GIs.
[B] lengthy retention of wartime price controls.
[C] an epidemic of labor strikes.
[D] maximum federal action to guarantee full civil rights for blacks.
[E] a slow demobilization of military forces.
4. The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 was passed to check the growing power of
[A] leftists and communists.
[B] blacks.
[C] the presidency.
[D] labor unions.
[E] the federal bureaucracy.
7. The post-World War II prosperity in the United States was most beneficial to
[A] African-Americans.
[B] farmers.
[C] women.
[D] labor unions.
[E] Hispanics.
8. The feminist revolt of the 1960s was sparked by
[A] Congress’s failure to pass the Equal Rights Amendment.
[B] growing domination of the service sector of the economy, where most women were employed, by the industrial and manufacturing sectors.
[C] dismay at the image of women in advertising.
[D] a clash between the demands of the traditional role of women as wives and mothers and the realities of employment.
[E] the continued exclusion of most women from the workplace.
9. The long economic boom from World War II to the 1970s was fueled primarily by
[A] high labor efficiency.
[B] reduced military expenditures.
[C] low energy costs.
[D] low inflation.
[E] low taxes.
11. One sign of the stress that the immediate growth of post-World War II geographic mobility placed on American families was the
[A] popularity of advice books on child-rearing.
[B] increasing reliance on television as a “baby sitter.”
[C] dramatic rise in divorces.
[D] redistribution of income.
[E] increased number of long-distance telephone calls.
12. Post-World War II American workers made spectacular gains in productivity owing to
[A] the passage of the Taft-Hartley Law.
[B] the destruction of Europe’s industrial machine.
[C] their rising education levels.
[D] the continued growth of unions.
[E] new tools in the factories.
13. Since 1945, population in the United States has grown most in the
[A] Midwest.
[B] Sunbelt.
[C] Northeast.
[D] Frostbelt.
[E] Pacific Northwest.
14. Much of the Sunbelt’s new prosperity was based on its
[A] tremendous influx of money from the federal government.
[B] attention to environmental issues.
[C] cooperative effort rather than unbridled individualism.
[D] policy of high state taxes.
[E] regulated economic growth.
15. All of the following encouraged many Americans to move to the suburbs except
[A] government-built highways.
[B] home-loan guarantees from the Federal Housing Authority and the Veterans’ Administration.
[C] tax deductions for interest payments on home mortgages.
[D] “white flight” from racial change.
[E] development of fuel-efficient automobiles.
16. The rapid rise of suburbia in post-WWII America can be attributed to
[A] the baby boom.
[B] government mortgage guarantees.
[C] new highways.
[D] “white flight.”
[E] all of these.
17. By 1960, the proportion of Americans who lived in areas classified as metropolitan suburbs was approximately
[A] four out of ten (40%).
[B] one out of ten (10%).
[C] three out of four (75%).
[D] one out of four (25%).
[E] half (50%).
18. The continued growth of the suburbs led to
[A] an increase in urban poverty.
[B] a decrease in urban crime.
[C] better entertainment opportunities in the cities.
[D] more efficient transportation.
[E] increased school integration.
19. Population distribution after World War II followed a pattern of
[A] mass migration of blacks from the West to the Midwest.
[B] movement into the Northeast and out of the South.
[C] an urban-suburban segregation of blacks and whites in major cities.
[D] movement from the Southwest to Appalachia.
[E] movement out of the cities and into small towns.
21. The huge “baby boom” crested in the __________ and has been declining ever since.
[A] early 1950s
[B] late 1940s
[C] mid-1960s
[D] late 1950s
[E] early 1970s
22. The baby-boom generation will create a major problem in the future by
[A] causing immigration restrictions to be imposed upon many deserving people.
[B] producing an even larger generation of children than itself.
[C] creating a housing shortage.
[D] placing an enormous strain on the Social Security system.
[E] overbuilding the number of schools.
24. The United States believed that it was desirable to have the Soviet Union participate in the projected invasion of Japan because
[A] the Soviets could help control the Chinese communists.
[B] the communists would be so busy in Asia that they could commit no mischief in Europe.
[C] Roosevelt believed that Stalin could help to control the communists in China.
[D] without Soviet help, the Japanese could not be defeated.
[E] Soviet help could reduce the number of American casualties.
25. The origins of the Cold War lay in a fundamental disagreement between the United States and the Soviet Union over postwar arrangements in
[A] Eastern Europe.
[B] the Middle East.
[C] East Asia.
[D] the Third World.
[E] North Africa.
26. Joseph Stalin’s postwar security concerns focused primarily on
[A] the Mediterranean.
[B] Japan and the Far East.
[C] the Middle East.
[D] Eastern Europe.
[E] the North Atlantic.
27. The responsibility for starting the Cold War rests with the
[A] Soviet Union and Britain.
[B] Soviet Union and China.
[C] United States and Soviet Union.
[D] Soviet Union.
[E] United States.
29. In regard to postwar Germany, the Big Three allies agreed that
[A] Germany should pay economically crippling war reparations.
[B] Germany should receive massive economic aid.
[C] occupied Germany should be reunited as soon as possible.
[D] high-ranking Nazis should be tried and punished for war crimes.
[E] Germany should be divided into East and West Germany.
30. When the Soviet Union denied the United States, Britain, and France access to Berlin in 1948, President Truman responded by
[A] denying the Soviets access to West Germany.
[B] sending an armed convoy to Berlin.
[C] declaring that an “iron curtain” had descended across Central Europe.
[D] organizing a gigantic airlift of supplies to Berlin.
[E] asking the United Nations to intervene.
31. Soviet specialist George F. Kennan framed a coherent approach for America in the Cold War by advising a policy of
[A] limited war.
[B] détente.
[C] negotiation.
[D] containment.
[E] appeasement.
32. The postwar policies adopted by the Truman administration toward the Soviet Union were based on the assumption that the Soviet Union was inherently
[A] expansionist.
[B] communist.
[C] conciliatory.
[D] irrational.
[E] weak.
33. The immediate concern that prompted the announcement of the Truman Doctrine was related to events in
[A] Greece and Turkey.
[B] Czechoslovakia.
[C] Iran.
[D] Berlin.
[E] Communist China.
34. Under the Truman Doctrine, the United States pledged to
[A] maintain prosperity in America after World War II.
[B] work to liberate the “captive nations” of Eastern Europe.
[C] refrain from polarizing the world into pro-Soviet and pro-American camps.
[D] give very limited assistance to nations fighting communism.
[E] support those who were resisting subjugation by communists.
35. Match each postwar American program below with its primary purpose.
___ A. Point Four
___ B. NATO
___ C. Truman Doctrine
___ D. Marshall Plan
1. assist communist-threatened Greece and Turkey
2. promote economic recovery of Europe
3. aid underdeveloped nations of Latin America, Asia, and Africa
4. resist Soviet military threat
[A] A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
[B] A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
[C] A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
[D] A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2
[E] A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
36. Truman’s defenders argue that he exaggerated the Soviet threat because he
[A] had been misled by Richard Nixon and other influential critics.
[B] received bad intelligence from the CIA.
[C] feared a revival of isolationism.
[D] wanted to win the election in 1948.
[E] was pressured to do so by other Democrats.
37. President Truman’s Marshall Plan called for
[A] military aid for Europe.
[B] economic aid for Japan.
[C] foreign aid for Third World countries to resist communism.
[D] substantial financial assistance to rebuild Western Europe.
[E] an alliance to contain the Soviet Union.
38. The Marshall Plan finally passed Congress largely because it was perceived there as
[A] anticommunist.
[B] economically beneficial to the United States.
[C] inexpensive.
[D] generous.
[E] unprecedented.
39. All of the following objected to President Truman’s support for the establishment of the state of Israel except
[A] the U.S. Defense Department.
[B] the U.S. State Department.
[C] the Soviet Union.
[D] the Arab states.
[E] America’s European allies.
40. American membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization did all of the following for the country except
[A] strike a major blow to American isolationists.
[B] help reintegrate Germany into the European family.
[C] reduce our defense expenditures, since we would get help from other countries.
[D] strengthen the containment of the Soviet Union.
[E] reassure Europeans that the U.S. would not abandon them.
41. The United States’ participation in NATO
[A] reaffirmed our long-standing commitment to the defense of Europe.
[B] marked a dramatic departure from traditional American isolationism.
[C] reduced the need for increased military spending.
[D] helped to resolve the problem of Germany.
[E] all of these.
42. Postwar Japan
[A] was governed from the island of Formosa (Taiwan) until 1949.
[B] was, like Germany, divided into Allied occupation zones.
[C] had its military leaders tried for war crimes, as had occurred in Germany.
[D] was destabilized by a raging civil war between nationalist and communist elements.
[E] resisted the imposition of American-style democracy.
43. The United States, under the North Atlantic pact,
[A] was forbidden to join a peace time military alliance.
[B] pledged a hard-and-fast commitment to provide armed assistance to any member nation attacked by the Soviet Union.
[C] was pledged to station large numbers of U.S. troops in Europe.
[D] assumed a moral commitment to aid any signatory assaulted by the Soviet Union.
[E] was allowed to give only economic assistance to its European allies.
44. Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalist government lost the Chinese civil war to the communists and Mao Ze-dong mainly because
[A] Jiang lost the support and confidence of the Chinese people.
[B] Mao received much assistance from the Soviet Union.
[C] the communists were closer to traditional Chinese culture.
[D] communists within the Truman administration undermined Jiang’s efforts.
[E] the United States failed to give Jiang enough aid.
45. In an effort to detect communists within the government, President Harry Truman established the
[A] Committee on Un-American Activities.
[B] Smith Act.
[C] McCarran Internal Security Act.
[D] Central Intelligence Agency.
[E] Loyalty Review Board.
48. President Truman’s domestic welfare legislative plan was dubbed the
[A] Square Deal.
[B] Fair Deal.
[C] New Frontier.
[D] Redeal.
[E] New Deal.
49. President Truman’s action upon hearing of the invasion of South Korea illustrated his commitment to a foreign policy of
[A] containment.
[B] liberation.
[C] appeasement.
[D] détente.
[E] multilateralism.
50. NSC-68 called for
[A] the invasion of North Korea by United Nations troops.
[B] a massive increase in military spending.
[C] the reorganization of the Defense Department.
[D] a blockade of the China coast and bombing of Manchuria.
[E] a program of spying on the Soviet Union.
51. The NSC-68 document reflected the American belief
[A] in the futility of containment.
[B] that we needed help to fight the spread of communism.
[C] that military spending would help the economy.
[D] that huge sacrifices would be needed by Americans to fight the Cold War.
[E] in our limitless capabilities.
52. President Harry Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur from command of United Nations troops in Korea when
[A] MacArthur continued to lose crucial battles.
[B] the Chinese entered the Korean War after MacArthur said they would not.
[C] MacArthur crossed the 38th parallel and entered North Korea.
[D] MacArthur began to take issue publicly with presidential policies.
[E] MacArthur began to mock Truman for being only a captain in the army.
53. The imperious and insubordinate commander in Korea who was fired by President Truman was General
[A] Dwight Eisenhower.
[B] Douglas MacArthur.
[C] Matthew Ridgeway.
[D] “Bull” Halsey.
[E] George Patton.
54. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Berlin airlift, (B) Korean War, (C) fall of China.
[A] A, B, C
[B] B, C, A
[C] A, C, B
[D] C, B, A
[E] C, A, B
55. Arrange the following in chronological order of their appearance: (A) Marshall Plan, (B) Truman Doctrine, (C) NATO.
[A] A, B, C
[B] C, B, A
[C] B, C, A
[D] B, A, C
[E] A, C, B
56. Prospects for a Democratic victory in the 1952 presidential election were poor for all of the following reasons except
[A] Truman’s refusal to seek another term.
[B] a scandal in the White House.
[C] the military deadlock in Korea.
[D] the Republicans’ choice of popular Dwight Eisenhower.
[E] inflation.
58. During the 1952 presidential campaign, Republican candidate Dwight Eisenhower declared that he would __________ to help to end the Korean War.
[A] open negotiations with Mao Zedong
[B] order United Nations troops to invade North Korea
[C] use atomic weapons
[D] blockade the China coast and bomb Manchuria
[E] personally go to Korea
59. In terms of politics, television did all of the following except
[A] apply the standards of show business and commercialism to political messages.
[B] encourage reliance on short slogans and sound bites.
[C] enable political parties to continue their role of educating and mobilizing the electorate.
[D] threaten the traditional role of political parties.
[E] allow lone-wolf politicians to address voters directly.
60. Dwight Eisenhower’s greatest asset as president was his
[A] willingness to involve himself in rough campaigning.
[B] vast military experience.
[C] enjoyment of the affection and respect of the American people.
[D] willingness to take a partisan stand.
[E] commitment to social justice.
61. Among anticommunists, Senator Joseph R. McCarthy was the
[A] one who most damaged free speech.
[B] only true World War II hero.
[C] one who organized a national movement.
[D] first Republican.
[E] most effective.
62. The record would seem to indicate that President Eisenhower’s strongest commitment during his presidency was to
[A] social justice.
[B] party loyalty.
[C] social harmony.
[D] racial desegregation.
[E] political reform.
64. Senator McCarthy first rose to national prominence by
[A] asserting that General George Marshall was part of a communist conspiracy within the U.S. Army.
[B] revealing that communist spies were passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union.
[C] charging that dozens of known communists were working within the U.S. State Department.
[D] mobilizing Republicans to demand a stronger anticommunist foreign policy in East Asia.
[E] charging that there was extensive communist influence in Hollywood and elsewhere in the media.
65. As a result of Senator McCarthy’s crusade against communist subversion in America,
[A] the U.S. achieved a stronger settlement in Korea.
[B] the State Department lost a number of Asian specialists who might have counseled a wiser course in Vietnam.
[C] the FBI was shown to have had several spies working as communist agents.
[D] Eisenhower nearly lost the Republican presidential nomination in 1956.
[E] the United States Army was forced to give dishonorable discharges to more than one hundred officers.
66. Senator McCarthy’s anticommunist crusade ended when he
[A] alleged that there were communists in Hollywood.
[B] alleged that many college professors were communists.
[C] began to attack the personal integrity of his critics.
[D] alleged that there were communists in the Foreign Service.
[E] alleged that there were communists in the army.
67. The new militancy and restlessness among many members of the African-American community after 1945 was generated by
[A] World War II.
[B] Dwight Eisenhower’s commitment to civil rights.
[C] the appointment of Thurgood Marshall, chief legal counsel of the NAACP, to the Supreme Court.
[D] the agitation of A. Philip Randolph.
[E] the presidency of Harry Truman.
68. In an effort to overturn Jim Crow laws and the segregated system that they had created, African-Americans used all of the following methods except
[A] legal attacks on underpinnings of segregation in the courts.
[B] economic boycotts.
[C] appeals to foreign governments to pressure the United States to establish racial justice.
[D] mobilization of black churches on behalf of black rights.
[E] use of the nonviolent tactics of Mohandas Gandhi.
69. Which one of the following is least related to the other three?
[A] Montgomery bus boycott
[B] Orval Faubus
[C] Martin Luther King, Jr.
[D] nonviolent direct action
[E] Rosa Parks
70. The Supreme Court began to advance the cause of civil rights in the 1950s because
[A] Congress had abdicated its responsibilities by refusing to deal with the issue.
[B] the Court was the only branch of government with the Constitutional authority to do so.
[C] the Constitution clearly prohibited any segregation.
[D] President Eisenhower had requested the Court’s assistance.
[E] the courts were dominated by New Deal liberals.
71. In the epochal 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court
[A] ordered immediate and total integration of all American schools.
[B] upheld its earlier decision in Plessy v. Ferguson.
[C] declared that the concept of “separate but equal” facilities for blacks and whites was unconstitutional.
[D] supported the “Declaration of Constitutional Principles” issued by Congress.
[E] rejected desegregation.
72. The 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled racially segregated school systems “inherently unequal” was
[A] Roe v. Wade.
[B] Brown v. Board of Education.
[C] Plessy v. Ferguson.
[D] Sweatt v. Painter.
[E] Johnson v. Little Rock School District.
73. On the subject of racial justice, President Eisenhower
[A] vetoed the Civil Rights Act of 1957.
[B] admired the Christian philosophy of Martin Luther King.
[C] publicly endorsed the 1954 Supreme Court school-desegregation decision.
[D] had criticized President Truman’s call for establishing a permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission.
[E] had demanded the integration of the armed forces as early as 1948.
74. President Dwight Eisenhower’s attitude toward racial justice can best be described as
[A] endorsing the concept of using laws to compel people to change their opinions and actions.
[B] not inclined toward promoting integration.
[C] very supportive.
[D] adhering to the philosophy of “states’ rights.”
[E] supporting racial justice over social harmony.
75. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was an outgrowth of the
[A] Civil Rights Act of 1957.
[B] “sit-in” movement launched by young southern blacks.
[C] antiwar movement of the 1960s.
[D] black power movement of the 1960s.
[E] ban-the-bomb movement of the 1950s.
76. As president, Dwight Eisenhower supported
[A] the dismissal of his secretary of health, education, and welfare for condemning free distribution of the Salk polio vaccine as “socialized medicine.”
[B] the continuation of the Tennessee Valley Authority.
[C] the transfer of control over offshore oil from the states to the federal government.
[D] a stronger voice for organized labor.
[E] military budget cuts.
77. President Eisenhower defined the domestic philosophy of his administration as
[A] “the silent majority.”
[B] “the Fair Deal.”
[C] “dynamic conservatism.”
[D] “two cars in every garage.”
[E] “compassionate conservatism.”
78. Dwight Eisenhower’s policies toward Native Americans included
[A] a return to the assimilation goals of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887.
[B] incentives for tribes to hold onto their land.
[C] an emphasis on education and job training for Indians.
[D] efforts at tribal preservation.
[E] the establishment of tribes as legal entities.
79. The bracero program between the United States and Mexico involved
[A] sending illegal aliens back to Mexico.
[B] transferring manufacturing jobs to Mexico in return for Mexico’s efforts to stem the tide of illegal immigration.
[C] enabling families to join Mexican workers in the United States.
[D] legally importing Mexican farm workers to the United States.
[E] establishing a vast irrigation project using water from the Rio Grande.
80. During his presidency, Dwight Eisenhower accepted the principle and extended the benefits of
[A] the Social Security system.
[B] the Tennessee Valley Authority.
[C] deficit spending.
[D] racial equality.
[E] federal health care programs.
82. The largest public works project during Eisenhower’s presidency was
[A] construction of the interstate highway system.
[B] the polio vaccine program.
[C] the space program.
[D] the building of Grand Coulee Dam.
[E] offshore oil drilling.
83. President Eisenhower’s “New Look” foreign policy in the 1950s planned for
[A] a buildup of unconventional and guerrilla-warfare forces.
[B] the rapid deployment of the navy and marines to trouble spots.
[C] massive new military spending.
[D] greater reliance on air power and the deterrent power of nuclear weapons.
[E] the dismantling of the military-industrial complex.
84. In 1956, when Hungary revolted against continued domination by the Soviet Union, the United States under Dwight Eisenhower
[A] refused to admit any Hungarian refugees.
[B] sent money to the rebels.
[C] quickly recognized the new Hungarian government.
[D] did nothing to help to defeat the communists.
[E] gave only outdated military equipment to the Hungarian freedom fighters.
85. The leader of the nationalist movement in Vietnam since World War I was
[A] Nguyen Cao Ky.
[B] Dienbienphu.
[C] Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung).
[D] Ngo Dinh Diem.
[E] Ho Chi Minh.
87. The Cold War seemed to thaw a little when, in 1955, the Soviet Union agreed to
[A] sign a formal nuclear test-ban treaty with the United States.
[B] end its military occupation of Austria.
[C] provide Hungary with substantial political independence.
[D] the reunification of East and West Germany.
[E] open West Berlin to ground transportation.
89. During the 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency engineered pro-American political coups in both
[A] Lebanon and El Salvador.
[B] Iran and Guatemala.
[C] Iraq and Nicaragua.
[D] Libya and Costa Rica.
[E] Egypt and Cuba.
91. The 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine empowered the president to extend economic and military aid to nations of __________ that wanted help to resist communist aggression.
[A] Central and Eastern Europe
[B] Africa
[C] Southeast Asia
[D] the Middle East
[E] Latin America
93. In response to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957,
[A] the United States spent nearly a decade trying to equal this achievement.
[B] Harry Truman condemned the Republicans for allowing a scientific gap to occur.
[C] scientists blamed America’s slowness on poor math and science education in the schools.
[D] President Dwight Eisenhower remarked that this event should not cause “one iota” of concern.
[E] the Republican party took responsibility for the fact that the United States had fallen behind the Soviets in this area of scientific discovery.
97. What may well have tipped the electoral scales for John F. Kennedy in the presidential election of 1960 was
[A] his televised debates with Richard M. Nixon.
[B] his family.
[C] his religion.
[D] his age.
[E] President Eisenhower’s heavy loss of popularity in his last two years in office.
99. The affluent life-style developed in America during the 1950s was stimulated mainly by
[A] the growth of the stock market.
[B] a return to the ethic of rugged individualism.
[C] foreign investment in the United States.
[D] the new technology of television.
[E] a decline in religious values.
100. All of the following were harbingers of the emerging new life-style of leisure and affluence except
[A] easy credit.
[B] fast-food production.
[C] the maturity of radio.
[D] new forms of recreation.
[E] a franker treatment of sexuality.
103. In the 1950s, the key to economic growth rested in
[A] electronics.
[B] the automobile industry.
[C] federal highway construction.
[D] the aeronautics and space industry.
[E] the chemical industry.
104. In the 1950s, the work force began to change when
[A] unskilled workers outnumbered any other group.
[B] union membership exceeded fifty percent of all workers.
[C] the average age of workers dropped under forty.
[D] white-collar workers outnumbered blue-collar workers.
[E] women held more than sixty percent of all jobs.
105. Between 1950 and 1980, the majority of newly created jobs in the clerical and service fields were held by
[A] men.
[B] women.
[C] immigrants.
[D] people with some college education.
[E] minorities.
106. Sports reflected the population shift toward the West and South
[A] because more professional athletes came from those areas.
[B] when baseball’s Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants moved to California.
[C] when television viewership of sports in those regions became the highest in the country.
[D] when UCLA and Duke dominated college basketball.
[E] none of these.
107. Several critics of the new consumerism of the 1950s charged that the American people
[A] had become too individualistic.
[B] had developed into a generation of conformists.
[C] were buying too many foreign-made products.
[D] were relying too much on government welfare.
[E] were losing their sense of moral priorities.
110. In her book The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan discusses
[A] strategies for altering the image of women.
[B] the reason that women should adapt to the postwar “cult of domesticity.”
[C] the stifling boredom of suburban housewifery.
[D] what makes women appealing to men.
[E] why women are different from men.
7. American military forces entered Vietnam in order to
[A] gain eventual control of North Vietnam.
[B] prevent Ngo Dinh Diem’s regime from falling to the communists.
[C] promote democratic reforms in South Vietnam.
[D] help to stage a coup against Ngo Dinh Diem.
[E] keep South Vietnam from falling to the communists until after the 1964 election.
10. When the Soviet Union attempted to install nuclear weapons in Cuba, President Kennedy ordered
[A] the installation of nuclear weapons in Turkey.
[B] the invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs.
[C] surgical air strikes against the missile sites.
[D] a naval quarantine of that island.
[E] resumption of atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons.
14. John Kennedy joined hands with the civil rights movement when he
[A] sent federal marshals to protect the Freedom Riders.
[B] secured passage of the Voting Rights Act.
[C] journeyed south to support the registration of black voters.
[D] ordered the FBI to remove the wiretap from Martin Luther King, Jr.’s phone.
[E] ordered the immediate desegregation of schools.
16. By mid-1963, President John F. Kennedy’s position on civil rights can best be described as
[A] committed to finding a solution to this moral issue.
[B] indifferent.
[C] passively opposed.
[D] supportive but unwilling to stake his political career on the issue.
[E] caught between northern and southern Democrats.
19. President Kennedy’s alleged assassin was
[A] James Earl Ray.
[B] Medgar Evers.
[C] Jack Ruby.
[D] Lee Harvey Oswald.
[E] an agent of Fidel Castro.
21. President Johnson called his package of domestic reform proposals the
[A] New Frontier.
[B] Fair Deal.
[C] Great Crusade.
[D] Great Society.
[E] Johnson Revolution.
27. The landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplished all of the following except
[A] banning sexual as well as racial discrimination.
[B] prohibiting discrimination based on gender.
[C] creation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
[D] banning racial discrimination in most private facilities open to the public.
[E] requiring “affirmative action” against discrimination.
29. The common use of poll taxes to inhibit black voters in the South was outlawed by the
[A] Voting Rights Act of 1965.
[B] Twenty-fourth Amendment.
[C] War on Poverty.
[D] Civil Rights Act of 1964.
[E] Twenty-fifth Amendment.
30. Beginning in 1964, the chief goal of the black civil rights movement in the South was to
[A] integrate social clubs and organizations.
[B] secure the right to vote.
[C] prohibit racial discrimination in employment.
[D] gain equality in education.
[E] end discrimination in housing.
33. Black leaders in the 1960s included __________, an advocate of peaceable resistance; __________, who favored black separatism; and __________, an advocate of “Black Power.”
[A] Martin Luther King, Jr., Stokely Carmichael, Malcolm X
[B] Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, Jr., Stokely Carmichael
[C] Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, Martin Luther King, Jr.
[D] Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael
[E] Stokely Carmichael, Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X
44. The skepticism about authority that emerged in the United States during the 1960s
[A] was a new phenomenon for America.
[B] arose from the music and drugs of the time.
[C] had been imported from Europe.
[D] touched all institutions except religion.
[E] had deep historical roots in American culture.
54. The American armed forces in Vietnam were composed largely of
[A] professional career soldiers.
[B] soldiers in their mid-twenties.
[C] African-Americans.
[D] marines.
[E] the least privileged young Americans.
53. Richard Nixon’s Vietnam policy included all of the following except
[A] increased American troop commitments.
[B] Vietnamization.
[C] creating a draft lottery and reducing draft calls.
[D] extension of the war to Cambodia.
[E] massive bombing campaigns in Vietnam.
65. All of the following are legacies of Richard Nixon’s presidency except
[A] the Environmental Protection Agency.
[B] the food stamp program.
[C] Supplemental Security Income for the blind, disabled, and indigent aged.
[D] the Endangered Species Act.
[E] the Occupational Health and Safety Administration.
