APUSH Chapter 34-36 Test
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
1. Franklin Roosevelt’s __________ contributed the most to his development of compassion and strength of will.
[A] affliction with infantile paralysis
[B] domestic conflicts with Eleanor Roosevelt
[C] service in World War I
[D] education
[E] family ties with Teddy Roosevelt
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
3. The 1932 Democratic party platform on which Franklin Roosevelt ran for the presidency called for
[A] deficit spending.
[B] higher tariffs.
[C] adherence to the gold standard.
[D] breaking up monopolistic corporations.
[E] repeal of prohibition.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
4. In 1932 Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise that as president he would attack the Great Depression by
[A] nationalizing all banks and major industries.
[B] mobilizing America’s youth as in wartime.
[C] experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform.
[D] continuing the policies already undertaken by President Hoover.
[E] returning to the traditional policies of laissez-faire capitalism.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
5. The phrase “Hundred Days” refers to
[A] the “lame-duck” period between Franklin Roosevelt’s election and his inauguration.
[B] the first months of Franklin Roosevelt’s presidency.
[C] the time that all banks were closed by FDR.
[D] the time it took for Congress to begin acting on President Roosevelt’s plans for combating the Great Depression.
[E] the worst months of the Great Depression.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
6. One striking feature of the 1932 presidential election was that
[A] Democrats made gains in the normally Republican Midwest.
[B] women played a less active role in the campaign than before.
[C] the South had shifted to the Republican party.
[D] African-Americans became a vital element in the Democratic party.
[E] urban Americans finally cast more votes than rural Americans.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
8. When Franklin Roosevelt assumed the presidency in March 1933,
[A] he received unprecedented congressional support.
[B] he at first proceeded cautiously.
[C] Congress refused to grant him any legislative authority.
[D] he knew exactly what he wanted to do.
[E] he wanted to make as few mistakes as possible.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
9. The Works Progress Administration was a major __________ program of the New Deal; the Public Works Administration was a long-range __________ program; and the Social Security Act was a major __________ program.
[A] recovery, relief, reform
[B] reform, relief, recovery
[C] relief, reform, recovery
[D] reform, recovery, relief
[E] relief, recovery, reform
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
10. The Glass-Steagall Act
[A] created the Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate the stock exchange.
[B] empowered President Roosevelt to close all banks temporarily.
[C] took the United States off the gold standard.
[D] permitted commercial banks to engage in Wall Street financial dealings.
[E] created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure individual bank deposits.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
11. The most pressing problem facing Franklin Roosevelt when he became president was
[A] a chaotic banking situation.
[B] the farm crisis.
[C] the need to silence demagogic rabble-rousers such as Huey Long.
[D] unemployment.
[E] the national debt.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
12. Franklin Roosevelt’s “managed currency” aimed to
[A] restore confidence in banks.
[B] stimulate inflation.
[C] reduce the price of gold.
[D] shake up the Federal Reserve Board.
[E] reduce the amount of money in circulation.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
13. The __________ was probably the most popular New Deal program; the __________ was one of the most complex; and the __________ was the most radical.
[A] Social Security Act, Civilian Conservation Corps, Works Progress Administration
[B] Civilian Conservation Corps, National Recovery Act, Tennessee Valley Authority
[C] Works Progress Administration, Agricultural Adjustment Act, Civilian Conservation Corps
[D] Agricultural Adjustment Act, Public Works Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority
[E] National Recovery Act, Tennessee Valley Authority, Social Security Act
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
15. Match each New Deal critic below with the “cause” or slogan that he promoted.
___ A. Father Coughlin
___ B. Huey Long
___ C. Francis Townsend
___ D. Herbert Hoover
1. “social justice”
2. “every man a king”
3. “a holy crusade for liberty”
4. old-age pensions
[A] A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
[B] A-l, B-2, C-4, D-3
[C] A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
[D] A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2
[E] A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
16. Senator Huey P. Long of Louisiana gained national popularity by
[A] promising to give every family $5,000.
[B] supporting a $200-a-month old-age pension.
[C] advocating social justice for all.
[D] making Louisiana a model for ordinary citizens.
[E] blaming Jews for the Depression.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
17. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) aimed to do all of the following except
[A] provide employment on useful projects.
[B] provide handouts to the unemployed.
[C] provide loans and jobs for college students.
[D] quiet the groundswell of protest produced by Huey Long and Dr. Francis Townsend.
[E] produce works of art.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
[A] A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
[B] A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
[C] A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
[D] A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
[E] A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
19. The National Recovery Act (NRA) began to fail because
[A] Harold Ickes, the head of the agency, blocked its ability to provide maximum relief.
[B] it required too much self-sacrifice on the part of industry, labor, and the public.
[C] too few industries joined the agency.
[D] the agency did not have enough power to control business.
[E] it did not provide enough protection for labor to bargain with management.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
20. The first Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) raised the money paid to farmers not to grow crops by
[A] raising the tariff.
[B] taxing processors of farm products.
[C] increasing taxes on the wealthy.
[D] imposing a tax on the sale of farms.
[E] selling government surplus grain.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
21. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) proposed to solve the “farm problem” by
[A] encouraging farmers to switch to industrial employment.
[B] helping farmers to pay their mortgages.
[C] inflating the currency.
[D] reducing agricultural production.
[E] creating farm cooperatives.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
22. Both ratified in the 1930s, the Twentieth Amendment __________; the Twenty-first Amendment __________.
[A] limited a president to two complete terms in office, repealed the Eighteenth Amendment
[B] shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration, ended prohibition
[C] ended prohibition, shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration
[D] rendered most New Deal programs unconstitutional, limited a president to two complete terms in office
[E] expanded the size of the Supreme Court, ended prohibition
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
23. All of the following contributed to the Dust Bowl of the 1930s except
[A] soil erosion.
[B] dry-farming techniques.
[C] wind.
[D] farmers’ failure to use steam tractors and other modern equipment.
[E] drought.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
24. In 1935, President Roosevelt set up the Resettlement Administration to
[A] move farmers who were victims of the Dust Bowl to better land.
[B] place unemployed industrial workers in areas where their labor was needed.
[C] help farmers migrate from Oklahoma to California.
[D] find jobs for farmers in industry.
[E] move Indians from land that could be farmed by victims of the Dust Bowl.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
25. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 attempted to
[A] reverse the forced assimilation of Native Americans into white society.
[B] define clearly which tribes were federally recognized.
[C] encourage Native Americans to give up their land claims.
[D] reinforce the Dawes Act of 1887.
[E] pressure Native Americans to renounce self-government.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
26. Most Dust Bowl migrants headed to
[A] Nevada.
[B] California.
[C] Arizona.
[D] Oregon.
[E] Oklahoma.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
27. Most “Okies” in California escaped the deprivation and uncertainty of seasonal farm labor when they
[A] found jobs in defense industries during World War II.
[B] found work in the canning industry.
[C] formed evangelical religious communes.
[D] acquired farms in the San Joaquin Valley.
[E] joined the armed forces in World War II.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
28. The Federal Securities Act aimed to
[A] stop insider trading on the New York Stock Exchange.
[B] control public holding companies.
[C] force stock promoters to give investors information regarding the soundness of their stocks.
[D] force stockbrokers to register with the federal government.
[E] halt the sale of stocks on margin.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
30. New Dealers argued that their multifront war on the Depression primarily sought to
[A] reduce the national debt.
[B] force business to act fairly.
[C] provide relief.
[D] destroy the Republican party.
[E] overthrow capitalism.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
32. The most controversial aspect of the Tennessee Valley Authority was its plans concerning
[A] electrical power.
[B] resettlement.
[C] flood control.
[D] reforestation.
[E] soil conservation.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
33. The Social Security Act of 1935 provided all of the following except
[A] economic provisions for the blind and disabled.
[B] health care for the poor.
[C] unemployment insurance.
[D] old-age pensions.
[E] support for the blind and physically handicapped.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
34. The Wagner Act of 1935 proved to be a trailblazing law that
[A] established the Social Security system.
[B] guaranteed housing loans to workers.
[C] authorized the Public Works Administration (PWA).
[D] gave labor the right to bargain collectively.
[E] established the NRA.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
35. The National Labor Relations Act proved most beneficial to
[A] trade associations.
[B] skilled workers.
[C] the unemployed.
[D] unskilled workers.
[E] employers.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
37. The 1936 election was made notable by
[A] the strong socialist effort.
[B] the large number of blacks who still voted Republican out of gratitude to Abraham Lincoln.
[C] the strong race run by Kansas Governor Alf Landon.
[D] a strong third-party effort by the American Liberty League.
[E] the bitter class struggle between the poor and the rich.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
38. President Roosevelt’s “Court-packing” scheme in 1937 reflected his desire to make the Supreme Court
[A] more independent of Congress.
[B] less burdened with appellate cases.
[C] more sympathetic to New Deal programs.
[D] more conservative.
[E] more respectful of the Constitution’s original intent.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
39. After Franklin Roosevelt’s failed attempt to “pack” the Supreme Court,
[A] the Democrats lost the next election in 1940.
[B] Roosevelt was unable to make any changes in the Court.
[C] much New Deal legislation was ruled unconstitutional.
[D] Congress permanently set the number of justices at nine.
[E] the Court began to support New Deal programs.
.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
41. During the 1930s,
[A] the New Deal substantially closed the gap between production and consumption in the American economy.
[B] the Great Depression forced President Roosevelt to trim the size of the federal bureaucracy.
[C] the national debt doubled.
[D] businesspeople eventually came to admire President Roosevelt’s New Deal programs.
[E] the states regained influence over the economy.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
42. Many economists believe that the New Deal could have cured the ills of the Depression by
[A] allowing the private sector to solve the problems.
[B] spending less money.
[C] giving a greater role to local government.
[D] remaining on the gold standard and keeping a sound currency.
[E] engaging in greater deficit spending.
IV. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
43. Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal programs
[A] were almost no help for the poor.
[B] aided only farmers.
[C] created the biggest federal deficits in American history.
[D] aided the poor but not the middle class.
[E] did not end the Depression.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
45. As a result of Franklin Roosevelt’s unwillingness to support the London Conference,
[A] the United States began to pull out of the Depression.
[B] the trend towards extreme nationalism was strengthened.
[C] inflation in the United States was reduced.
[D] the United States was voted out of the League of Nations.
[E] tensions rose between the United States and Britain.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
46. One internationalist action by Franklin D. Roosevelt in his first term in office was
[A] establishing military bases in China.
[B] his support of the Tydings-McDuffie Act.
[C] joining the League of Nations.
[D] his commitment to Philippine independence.
[E] the formal recognition of the Soviet Union.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
47. Roosevelt’s recognition of the Soviet Union was undertaken partly
[A] because the Soviet leadership seemed to be modifying its harsher communist policies.
[B] in order to win support from American Catholics.
[C] to open opportunities for American investment in Siberian oil fields.
[D] in hopes of developing a diplomatic counterweight to the rising power of Japan and Germany.
[E] to win favor with American liberals and leftists.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
48. In promising to grant the Philippines independence, the United States was motivated by
[A] regrets over their imperialistic takeover in 1898.
[B] the view that the islands were militarily indefensible.
[C] doubts about the islands’ potential profitability.
[D] the realization that the islands were economic liabilities.
[E] treaty obligations.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
50. As part of his Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, President Roosevelt
[A] returned the Guantanamo naval base to Cuban control.
[B] asked Congress to extend the Platt Amendment in Cuba.
[C] abandoned the Monroe Doctrine.
[D] withdrew American marines from Haiti.
[E] proposed to grant Puerto Rico its independence.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
51. The 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
[A] inhibited President Roosevelt’s efforts to implement his Good Neighbor policy.
[B] was aimed at isolating Italy and Germany.
[C] was most strongly opposed in the South and West.
[D] raised America’s tariff schedule.
[E] increased America’s foreign trade.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
52. President Franklin Roosevelt’s foreign-trade policy
[A] continued the policy that had persisted since the Civil War.
[B] encouraged trade only with Latin America.
[C] was reversed only after World War II.
[D] lowered tariffs to increase trade.
[E] sought protection for key U.S. industries.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
53. Throughout most of the 1930s, the American people responded to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by
[A] assisting their victims with military aid.
[B] giving only economic help to the targets of aggression.
[C] demanding an oil embargo on all warring nations.
[D] beginning to build up their military forces.
[E] retreating further into isolationism.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
54. Fascist aggression in the 1930s included Mussolini’s invasion of __________, Hitler’s invasion of __________, and Franco’s overthrow of the republican government of __________.
[A] Ethiopia, Norway, Portugal
[B] Egypt, France, Poland
[C] Belgium, the Soviet Union, France
[D] Albania, Italy, Austria
[E] Ethiopia, Czechoslovakia, Spain
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
55. By the mid-1930s, there was strong nationwide agitation for a constitutional amendment to
[A] forbid a declaration of war by Congress unless first approved by a popular referendum.
[B] limit a president to two terms.
[C] ban arm sales to foreign nations.
[D] require the president to gain Congressional approval before sending U.S. troops overseas.
[E] increase the size of the Supreme Court.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
56. Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 by the United States resulted in all of the following except
[A] abandonment of the traditional policy of freedom of the seas.
[B] a decline in the navy and other armed forces.
[C] making no distinction whatever between aggressors and victims.
[D] spurring aggressors along their path of conquest.
[E] balancing the scales between dictators and U.S. allies by trading with neither.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
57. The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 stipulated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war,
[A] the United States intended to uphold the tradition of freedom of the seas.
[B] U.S. diplomats and civilians would be withdrawn from both warring nations.
[C] America would sell arms and war materials only to the victim of aggression.
[D] Americans would be prohibited from sailing on the ships of the warring nations.
[E] American bankers would be allowed to make loans to only one of the warring nations.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
59. America’s neutrality during the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939 allowed
[A] Spain to become a fascist dictatorship.
[B] the Loyalists to win the war.
[C] Roosevelt and Franco to become personal friends.
[D] the Soviets to aid the Spanish republic.
[E] Hitler to conquer Spain.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
60. Franklin Roosevelt’s sensational “Quarantine Speech” resulted in
[A] immediate British support of U.S. policy.
[B] a wave of protest by isolationists.
[C] Japanese aggression in China.
[D] support from both Democratic and Republican leaders.
[E] a modification of the Neutrality Acts.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
62. In 1938 the British and French bought peace with Hitler at the Munich Conference at the expense of
[A] Belgium.
[B] the free city of Danzig.
[C] Austria.
[D] Czechoslovakia.
[E] Poland.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
63. Shortly after Adolf Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union,
[A] the Germans invaded Finland.
[B] Britain and France signed a similar agreement.
[C] Italy signed a similar agreement with the Soviets.
[D] Germany invaded Poland and started World War II.
[E] the Soviets attacked China.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
64. The first casualty of the 1939 Hitler-Stalin nonaggression treaty was
[A] the Jews.
[B] Austria.
[C] Poland.
[D] Czechoslovakia.
[E] Belgium.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
65. Which of the following nations was not conquered by Hitler’s Germany between September 1939 and June 1940?
[A] the Netherlands
[B] Finland
[C] France
[D] Norway
[E] Poland
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
66. All of the following factors contributed to the weakness and lateness of America’s efforts to aid Europe’s threatened Jews except
[A] the restrictive Immigration Act of 1924.
[B] the belief that most Jews would be better off migrating to Israel.
[C] Anti-Semitic attitudes in the State Department and Congress.
[D] internal tensions between German-Jewish and eastern European Jewish communities in the United States.
[E] fear that a flood of Jewish refugees would add to unemployment during the Depression.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
67. The U.S. military refused to bomb Nazi gas chambers such as those at Auschwitz and Dachau because of the belief that
[A] the military was unsure of the gas chambers’ location.
[B] bombing would divert essential military resources.
[C] such attacks would not seriously impede the killing of Jews.
[D] bombing would kill the Jews kept there.
[E] all of these.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
68. During World War II, the United States saved __________ Jews from Nazism.
[A] about one million
[B] no
[C] about six million
[D] about 250,000
[E] only a small number of
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
69. Congress’s first response to the unexpected fall of France in 1940 was to
[A] pass a conscription law.
[B] call for the quarantining of aggressor nations.
[C] revoke all the neutrality laws.
[D] expand naval patrols in the Atlantic.
[E] enact a new neutrality law enabling the Allies to buy American war materials on a cash-and-carry basis.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
70. America’s neutrality effectively ended when
[A] the conscription law was passed in 1940.
[B] Italy “stabbed France in the back.”
[C] France fell to Germany.
[D] Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
[E] Germany attacked Poland.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
72. By 1940 American public opinion began to favor
[A] the America First position.
[B] permitting U.S. volunteers to fight in Britain.
[C] providing Britain with “all aid short of war.”
[D] active participation in the war.
[E] maintaining strict neutrality.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
74. Franklin Roosevelt was motivated to run for a third term in 1940 mainly by his
[A] belief that America needed his experienced leadership during the international crisis.
[B] personal desire to defeat his old political rival, Wendell Willkie.
[C] opposition to Willkie’s pledge to restore a strict policy of American neutrality.
[D] belief that the two-term tradition limited democratic choice.
[E] mania for power.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
75. The 1941 lend-lease program was all of the following except
[A] another privately arranged executive deal, like the destroyers-for-bases trade.
[B] a focus of intense debate between internationalists and isolationists.
[C] a direct challenge to the Axis dictators.
[D] the point when all pretense of American neutrality was abandoned.
[E] the catalyst that caused American factories to prepare for all-out war production.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
76. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the United States
[A] sent U.S. ships to Soviet naval bases.
[B] gave only nonmilitary aid to Russia.
[C] refused to provide any help, either military or economic.
[D] promised aid to the Soviets but did not deliver.
[E] made lend-lease aid available to the Soviets.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
78. After the Greer was fired upon, the Kearny crippled, and the Reuben James sunk,
[A] Roosevelt told the public that war was imminent.
[B] the United States Navy began escorting merchant vessels carrying lend-lease shipments.
[C] Congress forbade United States ships to enter combat zones.
[D] Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act.
[E] Congress allowed the arming of United States merchant vessels.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
79. Japan believed that it was forced into war with the United States because Franklin Roosevelt insisted that Japan
[A] withdraw from the Dutch East Indies.
[B] renew its trade with America.
[C] break its treaty of nonaggression with Germany.
[D] find alternative sources of oil.
[E] leave China.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
80. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 came as a great surprise because
[A] President Roosevelt suspected that if an attack came, it would be in Malaya or the Philippines.
[B] there was no way of knowing that the Japanese had been provoked to the point of starting a war with the United States.
[C] the United States was, at the time, Japan’s main source of oil and steel.
[D] Japanese communications were in a secret code unknown to the United States.
[E] it was believed that Japan had insufficient aircraft carriers to reach near Hawaii.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
81. On the eve of Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, a large majority of Americans
[A] were ready to fight Germany but not Japan.
[B] did not oppose Japan’s conquests in East Asia.
[C] accepted the idea that America would enter the war.
[D] still wanted to keep the United States out of war.
[E] were beginning to question the increased aid given to Britain.
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
82. Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Munich Conference, (B) German invasion of Poland, (C) Hitler-Stalin nonaggression treaty.
[A] C, A, B
[B] B, C, A
[C] A, B, C
[D] C, B, A
[E] A, C, B
V. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
83. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) fall of France, 815, (B) Atlantic Conference, (C) Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union.
[A] B, A, C
[B] A, C, B
[C] C, A, B
[D] A, B, C
[E] C, B, A
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
85. Once at war, America’s first great challenge was to
[A] raise an army and navy.
[B] pass a conscription law.
[C] retool its industry for all-out war production.
[D] extend aid to the Soviet Union.
[E] develop atomic weapons.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
86. Overall, most ethnic groups in the United States during World War II
[A] served in ethnically distinct military units.
[B] were not allowed to serve in the military.
[C] cast their vote for Republican candidates opposed to the war.
[D] had their patriotism questioned as in World War I.
[E] were further assimilated into American society.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
87. Japanese-Americans were placed in concentration camps during World War II
[A] due to numerous acts of sabotage.
[B] as a result of anti-Japanese prejudice and fear.
[C] in retaliation for the placement of Americans in concentration camps by the Japanese.
[D] because many were loyal to Japan.
[E] all of these.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
88. The minority group most adversely affected by Washington’s wartime policies was
[A] German-Americans.
[B] blacks.
[C] Italian-Americans.
[D] Japanese-Americans.
[E] American communists.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
90. In the period from 1885 to 1924, Japanese immigrants to the United States were
[A] poorly educated.
[B] primarily from the island of Hokkaido.
[C] select representatives of their nation.
[D] exclusively farmers.
[E] some of the poorest people to enter the country.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
91. When the United States entered World War II in December 1941,
[A] a majority of Americans had no clear idea of what the war was about.
[B] the conflict soon became an idealistic crusade for democracy.
[C] the idea of allying with the Communist Soviet Union was repugnant.
[D] the government repudiated the Atlantic Charter.
[E] it took nearly two years for the country to unite.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
93. Match each of the wartime agencies below with its correct function:
___ A. War Production Board
___ B. Office of Price Administration
___ C. War Labor Board
___ D. Fair Employment Practices Commission
1. assigned priorities with respect to the use of raw materials and transportation facilities
2. controlled inflation by rationing essential goods
3. imposed ceilings on wage increases
4. saw to it that no hiring discrimination practices were used against blacks seeking employment in war industries
[A] A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
[B] A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
[C] A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
[D] A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
[E] A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
95. During World War II,
[A] unions actively combated racial discrimination.
[B] farm production declined.
[C] labor unions substantially increased their membership.
[D] for security reasons, the bracero program with Mexico was temporarily halted.
[E] labor unions declared a self-imposed moratorium on strikes.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
96. The employment of more than six million women in American industry during World War II led to
[A] equal pay for men and women.
[B] a reduction in employment for black males.
[C] a greater percentage of American women in war industries than anywhere else in the world.
[D] the establishment of day-care centers by the government.
[E] a strong desire of most women to work for wages.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
97. The main reason the majority of women war workers left the labor force at the end of WW II was
[A] employer demands that they quit.
[B] government requirements to hire veterans.
[C] male discrimination on the job.
[D] union demands.
[E] family obligations.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
98. African-Americans did all of the following during World War II except
[A] rally behind the slogan “Double V” (victory over dictators abroad and racism at home).
[B] fight in integrated combat units.
[C] form a militant organization called the Congress of Racial Equality.
[D] serve in the Army Air Corps.
[E] move north and west in large numbers.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
100. Big-government intervention received its greatest boost from
[A] World War I.
[B] the Depression.
[C] the Cold War.
[D] the New Deal.
[E] World War II.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
101. The northward migration of African-Americans accelerated after World War II because
[A] the southern system of sharecropping was declared illegal.
[B] northern cities repealed segregation laws.
[C] mechanical cotton pickers came into use.
[D] Latinos had replaced blacks in the work force.
[E] the South made it clear that they were not wanted.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
102. During World War II, American Indians
[A] rarely enlisted in the armed forces.
[B] moved south to replace African-American laborers.
[C] moved off reservations in large numbers.
[D] demanded that President Roosevelt end discrimination in defense industries.
[E] promoted recovery of tribal languages.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
104. The national debt increased most during
[A] the 1920s.
[B] Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal.
[C] World War I.
[D] World War II.
[E] Herbert Hoover’s administration.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
105. Most of the money raised to finance World War II came through
[A] voluntary contributions.
[B] raising income taxes.
[C] borrowing.
[D] tariff collections.
[E] excise taxes on luxury goods.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
106. The first naval battle in history in which all the fighting was done by carrier-based aircraft was the Battle of
[A] Leyte Gulf.
[B] Midway.
[C] the Coral Sea.
[D] Iwo Jima.
[E] the Java Sea.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
107. The tide of Japanese conquest in the Pacific was turned following the Battle of
[A] Leyte Gulf.
[B] the Coral Sea.
[C] Bataan and Corregidor.
[D] Guadalcanal.
[E] Midway.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
109. In waging war against Japan, the United States relied mainly on a strategy of
[A] fortifying China by transporting supplies from India over the Himalayan “hump.”
[B] “island hopping” across the South Pacific while bypassing Japanese strongholds.
[C] heavy bombing from Chinese air bases.
[D] invading Japanese strongholds in Southeast Asia.
[E] turning the Japanese flanks in New Guinea and Alaska.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
110. The conquest of __________ was especially important, because from there Americans could conduct round-trip bombing raids on the Japanese home islands.
[A] Wake Island
[B] Okinawa
[C] Guam
[D] New Guinea
[E] Guadalcanal
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
111. The Allies won the Battle of the Atlantic by doing all of the following except
[A] organizing Allied “wolf packs” to chase down German U-boats.
[B] dropping depth charges from destroyers.
[C] escorting convoys of merchants’ vessels.
[D] bombing submarine bases.
[E] deploying the new technology of radar.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
112. Hitler’s advance in the European theater of war crested in late 1942 at the Battle of __________, after which his fortunes gradually declined.
[A] the Bulge
[B] Britain
[C] Monte Cassino
[D] El Alamein
[E] Stalingrad
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
113. The Allies postponed opening a second front in Europe until 1944 because
[A] men and material were needed more urgently in the Pacific.
[B] they hoped that Germany and the Soviet Union would cripple each other.
[C] the Soviet Union requested a delay until it could join the campaign.
[D] of British reluctance and lack of adequate shipping.
[E] they believed that North Africa was more strategically vital.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
115. President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill announced at their wartime conference in Casablanca that their principal war aim was to
[A] contain the postwar power of the Soviet Union.
[B] force the unconditional surrender of both Germany and Japan.
[C] promote the national independence of all European nations.
[D] create an effective postwar Atlantic alliance.
[E] destroy the last remnants of European imperialism.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
117. Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) V-J Day, (B) V-E Day, (C) D Day, (D) Invasion of Italy.
[A] C, A, D, B
[B] B, D, A, C
[C] D, C, B, A
[D] A, C, B, D
[E] A, D, B, C
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
118. The major consequence of the Allied conquest of Sicily in August 1943 was
[A] the swift Allied conquest of the Italian peninsula.
[B] the threat of a Communist takeover of the Italian government.
[C] the overthrow of Mussolini and Italy’s unconditional surrender.
[D] a conflict between Churchill and General Eisenhower over the invasion of the Italian mainland.
[E] a modification of the demand for unconditional surrender of Italy.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
121. At the wartime Teheran Conference,
[A] the Soviet Union agreed to allow free elections in Eastern European nations that its armies occupied at the end of the war.
[B] it was agreed that five Big Powers would have veto power in the United Nations.
[C] the Big Three allies agreed to divide postwar Germany into separate occupied zones.
[D] the Soviet Union agreed to declare war on Japan within three months.
[E] plans were made for the opening of a second front in Europe.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
122. The cross-channel invasion of Normandy to open a second front in Europe was commanded by General
[A] Bernard Montgomery.
[B] George Patton.
[C] Omar Bradley.
[D] Douglas MacArthur.
[E] Dwight Eisenhower.
.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
125. Action by the United States against Adolf Hitler’s campaign of genocide against the Jews
[A] was slow in coming, because the United States did not know about the death camps until near the end of the war.
[B] was reprehensibly slow in coming.
[C] involved the bombing of rail lines used to carry victims to the Nazi death camps.
[D] included the admission of large numbers of Jewish refugees into the United States.
[E] was a major reason the U.S. fought World War II.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
127. The Potsdam conference
[A] issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or be destroyed.
[B] determined the fate of Eastern Europe.
[C] brought France and China in as part of the “Big Five.
[D] concluded that the Soviet Union would enter the war in the Pacific.
[E] was Franklin Roosevelt’s last meeting with Churchill and Stalin.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
128. The spending of enormous sums on the original atomic bomb project was spurred by the belief that
[A] the American public would not tolerate the casualties that would result from a land invasion of Japan.
[B] scientists like Albert Einstein might be lost to the war effort.
[C] the Germans might acquire such a weapon first.
[D] a nuclear weapon was the only way to win the war.
[E] the Japanese were at work on an atomic bomb project of their own.
III. Single-Answer Multiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.
129. The “unconditional surrender” policy toward Japan was modified by
[A] agreeing not to drop more than two atomic bombs on Japan.
[B] assuring the Japanese that there would be no “war crimes” trials.
[C] agreeing to let the Japanese keep Emperor Hirohito on the throne.
[D] guaranteeing that defeated Japan would be treated decently by American occupiers.
[E] permitting the Japanese to retain a strong army but no real navy.
