This exam covers chapters 22-25.
Directions: On your scantron, bubble in the best answer for each of the following questions.
1. In the postwar South
[A] poorer whites benefited from the end of plantation slavery.
[B] the much-feared inflation never materialized.
[C] industry and transportation were damaged, but Southern agriculture continued to flourish.
[D] the emancipation of slaves had surprisingly little economic consequence.
[E] the economy was utterly devastated.
2. Freedom for Southern blacks at the end of the Civil War
[A] came with relative ease.
[B] was achieved without the use of Union soldiers.
[C] enabled large numbers to move to the big cities in the North.
[D] came haltingly and unevenly in different parts of the conquered Confederacy.
[E] was a source of considerable anxiety.
3. For blacks, emancipation meant all of the following except
[A] the ability to search for lost family.
[B] that large numbers would move north.
[C] the opportunity to form their own churches.
[D] the opportunity for an education.
[E] the right to get married.
4. The greatest achievements of the Freedmen’s Bureau were in
[A] the provision of food and clothing.
[B] its distribution of land.
[C] education.
[D] helping people to find employment.
[E] all of these.
5. The white South viewed the Freedmen’s Bureau as
[A] a threat to state social service agencies.
[B] a valued partner in rebuilding the South.
[C] an agency acceptable only because it also helped poor whites.
[D] more helpful in the North than the South.
[E] a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance.
6. The controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the Confederate states to the Union demonstrated
[A] President Lincoln’s desire for a harsh reconstruction plan.
[B] the deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress.
[C] the close ties that were developing between President Lincoln and the Democrats.
[D] that a Congressional majority believed that the South had never legally left the Union.
[E] the Republicans’ fear of re-admitting Confederate leaders to Congress.
7. In his 10 percent plan for Reconstruction, President Lincoln promised
[A] a plan to allow 10 percent of blacks to vote.
[B] the restoration of the planter aristocracy to political power.
[C] former slaves the right to vote.
[D] severe punishment of Southern political and military leaders.
[E] rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union.
8. President Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction
[A] guaranteed former slaves the right to vote.
[B] required that all former Confederate states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
[C] differed radically from Lincoln’s.
[D] took away the right to vote from Confederate leaders and wealthy planters.
[E] established literacy tests for voting in the South.
9. The main purpose of the Black Codes was to
[A] create a system of justice for ex-slaves.
[B] allow blacks to marry.
[C] guarantee freedom for the blacks.
[D] ensure a stable labor supply.
[E] prevent blacks from becoming sharecroppers.
10. The Black Codes provided for all of the following except
[A] punishment of blacks for idleness.
[B] fines for blacks who jumped labor contracts.
[C] a bar on blacks from renting land.
[D] a ban on jury service by blacks.
[E] voting by blacks.
11. The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed
[A] freed slaves the right to vote.
[B] land for former slaves.
[C] freedom to slaves.
[D] citizenship to freed slaves.
[E] education to former slaves.
12. Radical congressional Reconstruction of the South finally ended when
[A] blacks showed they could defend their rights.
[B] the South accepted the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments.
[C] the Supreme Court ruled in Ex parte Milligan that military tribunals could not try civilians.
[D] the last federal troops were removed in 1877.
[E] President Johnson was not reelected in 1868.
13. Many feminist leaders were disappointed with the Fourteenth Amendment because it
[A] failed to give women the right to vote.
[B] failed to give women the right to serve on juries.
[C] gave women but not former slaves the right to vote.
[D] did not define what constituted equal national citizenship.
[E] did not free all the slaves.
14. Methods used by Ku Klux Klan members to achieve their goal of white supremacy included
[A] mutilation.
[B] beatings.
[C] scare tactics.
[D] murder.
[E] all of these.
15. The goals of the Ku Klux Klan included all of the following except to
[A] support efforts to pass the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871, which would force blacks away from the polls.
[B] end radical Reconstruction.
[C] “keep blacks in their place”—that is, subservient to whites.
[D] prevent blacks from voting.
[E] keep white “carpetbaggers” from voting.
16. Congress’s impeachment of President Johnson and attempt to remove him from office were directly precipitated by his
[A] advice to Southern states not to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
[B] veto of the Freedmen’s Bureau bill.
[C] readmission of Southern states under his policies in 1866.
[D] highly partisan “swing around the circle” in 1866.
[E] dismissal of Secretary of War Stanton in 1867.
17. In 1867 Secretary of State Seward accomplished an enduring success in foreign relations for the Johnson administration when he
[A] purchased Alaska from Russia.
[B] commissioned the building of an all-new ironclad navy.
[C] called for American aid to republican rebels in Cuba.
[D] recognized the new Dominion of Canada as an independent nation.
[E] recognized the independent republic of Hawaii.
18. Freebie- Answer “A”
19. In the presidential election of 1868, Ulysses S. Grant
[A] demonstrated his political skill.
[B] owed his victory to the votes of former slaves.
[C] gained his victory by winning the votes of the majority of whites.
[D] transformed his personal popularity into a large majority in the popular vote.
[E] all of these.
20. In the late nineteenth century, those political candidates who campaigned by “waving the bloody shirt” were reminding voters
[A] that the Civil War had been caused by the election of a Republican president.
[B] of the “treason” of the Confederate Democrats during the Civil War.
[C] of the graft-filled “radical” regimes in the Reconstruction South.
[D] that radical Republicans catered to freed slaves during Reconstruction.
[E] of Ku Klux Klan violence against blacks.
21. One weapon that was used to put Boss Tweed, leader of New York City’s infamous Tweed Ring, in jail was
[A] granting immunity to Tweed’s cronies in exchange for testimony.
[B] New York City’s ethics laws.
[C] the RICO racketeering act.
[D] the cartoons of the political satirist Thomas Nast.
[E] federal income tax evasion charges.
22. President Ulysses S. Grant was reelected in 1872 because
[A] his opponents chose a poor candidate for the presidency.
[B] he promised reforms in the political system.
[C] he pleaded for a clasping of hands across “the bloody chasm” between the North and South.
[D] federal troops still controlled the South.
[E] the Democrats and Liberal Republicans could not decide on a single candidate.
23. As a solution to the panic or depression of 1873, debtors suggested
[A] a policy of deflation.
[B] stronger federal control of banking.
[C] a passage of the Resumption Act of 1875.
[D] inflationary policies.
[E] restoring the government’s credit rating.
24. During the Gilded Age, the Democrats and the Republicans
[A] were divided over silver v. gold currency.
[B] were separated by substantial differences in economic policy.
[C] held similar views on all economic issues except for civil-service reform.
[D] agreed on currency policy but not the tariff.
[E] had few significant economic differences.
25. The presidential elections of the 1870s and 1880s
[A] involved charismatic personalities.
[B] usually involved sharp partisan differences over issues like currency policy and civil-service reform.
[C] were all won by Republicans.
[D] were rarely close.
[E] aroused great interest among voters.
26. The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on
[A] the two sets of election returns submitted by Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana.
[B] failure to use the secret “Australian ballot” in some places.
[C] Samuel Tilden’s association with corrupt politicians.
[D] President Grant’s campaign for a third term.
[E] who would be Speaker of the House.
27. The Compromise of 1877 resulted in
[A] the election of a Democrat to the presidency.
[B] a renewal of the Republican commitment to protect black civil rights in the South.
[C] the withdrawal of federal troops from the South.
[D] a plan to build the first transcontinental railroad.
[E] passage of the Bland-Allison Silver Purchase Act.
28. In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that
[A] the Fourteenth Amendment did not apply to African-Americans.
[B] literacy tests for voting were constitutional.
[C] African-Americans could be denied the right to vote.
[D] segregation was unconstitutional.
[E] “separate but equal” facilities were constitutional.
29. At the end of Reconstruction, Southern whites disenfranchised African-Americans with
[A] poll taxes.
[B] grandfather clauses.
[C] economic intimidation.
[D] literacy requirements.
[E] all of these.
30. The legal codes that established the system of segregation were
[A] overturned by Plessy v. Ferguson.
[B] found only in the North.
[C] called Jim Crow laws.
[D] passed during Reconstruction.
[E] undermined by the crop lien system.
31. Labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s resulted in
[A] growing middle class support for labor.
[B] congressional acts to ban strikes.
[C] a ban on Irish immigration.
[D] the use of federal troops during strikes.
[E] Congress’s passing legislation supporting the formation of unions.
32. In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the United States Congress
[A] banned the Kearneyites in San Francisco.
[B] negotiated a restricted-immigration agreement with China.
[C] sent many Chinese back to their homeland.
[D] passed a law prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers to America.
[E] did nothing, as it was California’s problem.
33. Abraham Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated while in office; the second was
[A] Benjamin Harrison.
[B] Rutherford Hayes.
[C] James Garfield.
[D] Chester Arthur.
[E] William McKinley.
34. The Pendleton Act required appointees to public office to
[A] pledge independence from either major political party.
[B] agree to make financial contributions to their political party.
[C] take a competitive examination.
[D] have a college degree.
[E] present a written recommendation from a congressman or senator.
35. The 1884 election contest between James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland was noted for
[A] low voter turnout.
[B] its virtual tie in the electoral college.
[C] its emphasis on issues.
[D] a landslide victory for the reform-minded Republicans.
[E] its personal attacks on the two candidates.
36. Which of the following was not among the platform planks adopted by the Populist Party in their convention of 1892?
[A] a one-term limit on the presidency
[B] government guarantees of “parity prices” for farmers
[C] government ownership of the railroads, telephone, and telegraph
[D] free and unlimited coinage of silver in the ratio of 16 to 1
[E] immigration restrictions
37. Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to the rise of the pro-silver leader
[A] William Jennings Bryan.
[B] Adlai E. Stevenson.
[C] J. Pierpont Morgan.
[D] Tom Watson.
[E] William McKinley.
38. The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with
[A] cash grants from higher tariffs.
[B] land grants.
[C] reduced prices for iron and steel.
[D] cash grants from new taxes.
[E] aid for construction of railroad stations.
39. The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was
[A] agriculture.
[B] the steel industry.
[C] the railroad network.
[D] mining.
[E] electric power.
40. Efforts to regulate the monopolizing practices of railroad corporations first came in the form of action by
[A] state legislatures.
[B] the Supreme Court.
[C] private lawsuits.
[D] Congress.
[E] President Cleveland.
41. The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the
[A] Federal Trade Commission.
[B] Interstate Commerce Commission.
[C] Federal Anti-Trust Commission.
[D] Federal Communications Commission.
[E] Consumer Affairs Commission.
42. One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was
[A] elimination of the tactic of vertical integration.
[B] increased competition.
[C] support for the idea of a centrally planned economy.
[D] elimination of as much competition as possible.
[E] funding research on new technologies.
43. Match each entrepreneur below with the form of business combination with which he is historically identified.
___ A. Andrew Carnegie
___ B. John D. Rockefeller
___ C. J. Pierpont Morgan
1. interlocking directorate
2. trust
3. vertical integration
4. pool
[A] A-1, B-3, C-2
[B] A-3, B-2, C-1
[C] A-2, B-4, C-1
[D] A-4, B-1, C-3
[E] A-3, B-2, C-4
44. The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of
[A] Henry Bessemer.
[B] Thomas Edison.
[C] Henry Clay Frick.
[D] John P. Altgeld.
[E] Jay Gould.
45. America’s first billion-dollar corporation was
[A] Standard Oil.
[B] The Union Pacific Railroad.
[C] General Electric (GE).
[D] American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T).
[E] United States Steel.
46. The first major product of the oil industry was
[A] gasoline.
[B] heating oil.
[C] lighter fluid.
[D] natural gas.
[E] kerosene.
47. The oil industry became a huge business
[A] with the invention of the internal combustion engine.
[B] with the building of electric generator plants.
[C] when it was taken over by the government.
[D] when oil was discovered in Texas.
[E] when diesel engines were perfected.
48. The gospel of wealth, which associated godliness with wealth,
[A] was opposed by most clergymen.
[B] discouraged efforts to help the poor.
[C] relied on the sayings of Jesus.
[D] stimulated efforts to help minorities.
[E] inspired the wealthy to try to help the poor.
49. To help corporations, the courts ingeniously interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment, which was designed to protect the rights of ex-slaves, so as to
[A] allow the captains of industry to avoid paying taxes.
[B] protect the civil rights of business people.
[C] help freedmen to work in factories.
[D] incorporate big businesses.
[E] avoid corporate regulation by the states.
50. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was at first primarily used to curb the power of
[A] state legislatures.
[B] banking syndicates.
[C] labor unions.
[D] railroad corporations.
[E] manufacturing corporations.
51. During the age of industrialization, the South
[A] turned away from agriculture.
[B] took full advantage of the new economic trends.
[C] received preferential treatment from the railroads.
[D] held to its “Old South” ideology.
[E] remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural.
52. Many Southerners saw employment in the textile mills as
[A] salvation, since the jobs and wages were steady.
[B] a poor alternative to farming.
[C] institutions that broke up families.
[D] high-wage positions.
[E] unacceptable.
53. The image of the “Gibson Girl” represented
[A] a portrayal of the modern corporate business woman.
[B] an exploitive image of a woman as a sex object.
[C] a sentimental image of a woman as mother.
[D] a revival of the colonial feminine ideal.
[E] an independent and athletic “new woman.”
54. Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor
[A] labor unions.
[B] state regulatory agencies.
[C] individual entrepreneurs.
[D] corporations.
[E] independent workers and craftsmen.
55. Match each labor organization below with the correct description.
___ A. National Labor Union
___ B. Knights of Labor
___ C. American Federation of Labor
1. the “one big union” that championed producer cooperatives and industrial arbitration
2. a social-reform union killed by the depression of the 1870s
3. an association of unions pursuing higher wages, shorter working hours, and better working conditions
[A] A-3, B-1, C-2
[B] A-3, B-2, C-1
[C] A-1, B-3, C-2
[D] A-1, B-2, C-3
[E] A-2, B-1, C-3
56. The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was the
[A] Congress of Industrial Organizations.
[B] National Labor Union.
[C] Knights of Columbus.
[D] Knights of Labor.
[E] American Federation of Labor.
57. The tremendously rapid growth of American cities in the post-Civil War decades was
[A] a result of natural reproduction.
[B] fueled by an agricultural system suffering from poor production levels.
[C] attributable to the closing of the frontier.
[D] a trend that affected Europe as well.
[E] uniquely American.
58. The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was
[A] the development of the skyscraper.
[B] the availability of industrial jobs.
[C] the compact nature of those large communities.
[D] the advent of new housing structures known as dumbbell tenements.
[E] the lure of cultural excitement.
59. The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880
[A] received a warm welcome from the Old Immigrants.
[B] were culturally different from previous immigrants.
[C] were numerous but never constituted a majority of the immigrants in any given year.
[D] had experience with democratic governments.
[E] represented nonwhite racial groups.
60. According to the social gospel,
[A] the church should not concern itself in the social affairs of the world.
[B] clergy should try to reach the socially prominent.
[C] the lessons of Christianity should be applied to solve the problems manifest in slums and factories
[D] workers should be content with their station in life.
[E] Christianity would replace socialism.
61. The early settlement house workers, such as Jane Addams and Florence Kelley, helped to blaze the professional trail for
[A] female politicians.
[B] social workers.
[C] day-care workers.
[D] language specialists.
[E] criminal psychologists.
62. Settlement houses such as Hull House engaged in all of the following activities except
[A] child care.
[B] cultural activities.
[C] instruction in socialism.
[D] social reform lobbying.
[E] instruction in English.
63. Labor unions favored immigration restriction because most immigrants were all of the following except
[A] non-English speaking.
[B] used as strikebreakers.
[C] willing to work for lower wages.
[D] opposed to factory labor.
[E] difficult to unionize.
64. The American Protective Association
[A] sought to organize mutual-aid associations.
[B] preached the social gospel that churches were obligated to protect New Immigrants.
[C] supported immigration restrictions.
[D] established settlement houses in several major cities in order to aid New Immigrants.
[E] was led for many years by Florence Kelley and Jane Addams.
65. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution
[A] helped to unite college teachers of biology in support of the theory of “survival of the fittest.”
[B] was opposed by religious Modernists.
[C] left open the question of human origins.
[D] was attacked most bitterly by orator Colonel Robert Ingersoll.
[E] cast serious doubt on a literal interpretation of the Bible.
66. Booker T. Washington believed that the key to political and civil rights for African-Americans was
[A] to directly challenge white supremacy.
[B] economic independence.
[C] rigorous academic training.
[D] the rejection of accommodationist attitudes.
[E] the vote.
67. That a “talented tenth” of American blacks should lead the race to full social and political equality with whites was the view of
[A] Ida B. Wells.
[B] George Washington Carver.
[C] Paul Laurence Dunbar.
[D] W. E. B. Du Bois.
[E] Booker T. Washington.
68. The Morrill Act of 1862
[A] mandated racial integration in public schools.
[B] established the modern American research university.
[C] established women’s colleges like Vassar.
[D] granted public lands to states to support higher education.
[E] required compulsory school attendance through high school.
69. Black leader Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois
[A] demanded complete equality for African-Americans.
[B] was an ex-slave who rose to fame.
[C] established an industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama.
[D] supported the goals of Booker T. Washington.
[E] none of these.
70. Which of the following schools became a prominent scholarly academic institution for African-Americans in the late 1800s?
[A] Tuskegee Institute
[B] Temple University
[C] Harvard University
[D] Howard University
[E] the University of Chicago
71. In a country hungry for news, American newspapers
[A] came to rely less on syndicated material.
[B] crusaded for social reform.
[C] discouraged the tactics of Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst.
[D] became sensationalist.
[E] printed hard-hitting editorials.
72. General Lewis Wallace’s book Ben Hur
[A] defended Christianity against Darwinism.
[B] achieved success only after his death.
[C] emphasized that virtue, honesty, and hard work were rewarded by success.
[D] was based on a popular early movie.
[E] detailed Wallace’s experiences in the Civil War.
73. The Comstock Law was intended to advance the cause of
[A] sexual purity.
[B] racial equality.
[C] temperance.
[D] public health.
[E] woman suffrage.
74. The subject of the Eighteenth Amendment was
[A] prohibition.
[B] income tax
[C] woman suffrage.
[D] the poll tax.
[E] direct election of senators.
