Unit 6 Exam
Chapters 20-22
1. European powers favored a civil war in the United States because
[A] such a conflict would halt the flow of blacks to Canada.
[B] they could regain control of a divided America.
[C] two North American nations would have weaker economies than one.
[D] war would weaken the United States’ power in the Western Hemisphere.
[E] war could end the concept of balance of power in the Americas.
2. President Lincoln’s decision on what to do about the situation at Fort Sumter in the first weeks of his administration can best be characterized as
[A] cowardly.
[B] manipulative.
[C] cautious.
[D] ambiguous.
[E] belligerent.
3. Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter when it was learned that
[A] Lincoln had ordered supplies sent to the fort.
[B] the fort’s commander was planning to evacuate his troops secretly from the fort.
[C] southern support for secession was weakening.
[D] Lincoln had ordered the fort reinforced with federal troops.
[E] Lincoln had called for seventy-five thousand militia troops to form a voluntary Union army.
4. Many Northerners were willing to allow Southern states to leave the Union until
[A] John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry.
[B] South Carolina seceded from the United States.
[C] Robert E. Lee was named to head the potential new nation’s army.
[D] Virginia and Tennessee joined the seceding states.
[E] the South attacked Fort Sumter.
5. In order to persuade the Border States to remain in the Union, President Lincoln
[A] used only totally legal methods.
[B] relied solely on moral appeal.
[C] guaranteed that they could keep slavery permanently.
[D] never had to use troops.
[E] declared martial law where needed.
6. The Border States offered all of the following advantages except
[A] shipbuilding facilities.
[B] large navigable rivers.
[C] a good supply of horses and mules.
[D] valuable manufacturing capacity.
[E] a large population.
7. Lincoln’s declaration that the North sought to preserve the Union with or without slavery
[A] caused some seceded states to rejoin the Union.
[B] came as a disappointment to most Northerners and demoralized the Union.
[C] revealed the influence of the Border States on his policies.
[D] cost him support in the “Butternut region” of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.
[E] contradicted the campaign promises of the Republican party.
8. During the Civil War, most of the Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian Territory of present-day Oklahoma
[A] gave up their slaves.
[B] sought admission as a Confederate state.
[C] supported the Confederacy.
[D] remained neutral.
[E] supported the Union.
9. In return for support from the Plains Indians during the Civil War, the Union
[A] allowed them to send delegates to Congress.
[B] waged war on them and herded them onto reservations.
[C] gave them land in California.
[D] made them scouts for the U.S. Army.
[E] increased their federal payments.
10. To achieve its independence, the Confederacy had to
[A] fight the invading Union army to a draw.
[B] capture Washington, D.C.
[C] attract more talented military commanders.
[D] win a decisive military victory on its own soil.
[E] invade the Union.
11. As the Civil War began, the South seemed to have the advantage of
[A] superior industrial capabilities.
[B] superior transportation facilities.
[C] greater ability to wage offensive warfare.
[D] more talented military leaders.
[E] a more united public opinion.
12. The greatest weakness of the South during the Civil War was its
[A] navy.
[B] economy.
[C] slave population.
[D] political system.
[E] military leadership.
13. The North’s greatest strength in the Civil War was its
[A] military leadership.
[B] navy.
[C] ethnic unity.
[D] high morale.
[E] economy.
14. Much of the hunger experienced by Confederate soldiers in the Civil War was due to
[A] profiteering by military suppliers.
[B] the fact that slaves abandoned the plantations.
[C] the Union’s naval blockade.
[D] the South’s rickety transportation system.
[E] poor agricultural production.
15. Northern soldiers eventually became known for their
[A] lack of proper training.
[B] cowardice in battle.
[C] discipline and determination.
[D] love of military pomp and hierarchy.
[E] high-pitched battle yell.
16. To find effective high-level commanders, the Union
[A] used trial and error.
[B] did not let politics enter the decision-making process.
[C] took only top graduates of West Point.
[D] drew on its reserve officer training program.
[E] relied on the advice of foreign experts.
17. A supposed asset for the South at the beginning of the Civil War that never materialized to its real advantage was
[A] the fighting skill of Southern males.
[B] its belief that it was defending its way of life.
[C] its ability to fight on its own soil.
[D] intervention from Britain and France.
[E] effective military leadership.
18. One reason that the British did not try to break the Union blockade of the South during the Civil War was that
[A] the British upper class had supported the North from the onset of hostilities.
[B] they did not want to fight against the superior American navy.
[C] the South resented British interference.
[D] they feared losing Northern grain shipments.
[E] the war caused no economic problems for Britain.
19. The South believed that the British would come to its aid because
[A] the people in Britain would demand such action.
[B] the government had refused to allow Uncle Tom’s Cabin to be sold in the empire.
[C] Britain still had slavery in its empire.
[D] Britain was dependent on Southern cotton.
[E] British Canada was strongly hostile to the Union.
20. During the Civil War, Britain and the United States were nearly provoked into war by
[A] Britain’s refusal to observe the Union’s blockade of Southern ports.
[B] the incompetence of Charles Francis Adams, the United States ambassador to London.
[C] the Trent affair, involving the removal of Southern diplomats from a British ship.
[D] Napoleon III’s effort to place Maximilian on the Mexican throne.
[E] British working class support for the South.
21. During the Civil War, diplomacy for the Union and the Confederacy
[A] was important for the Confederacy but not for the Union.
[B] was critical for both.
[C] was important for the Union but not for the Confederacy.
[D] relied on international organizations.
[E] played only a small role.
22. Confederate commerce-raiders such as the Alabama
[A] proved effective against Union shipping.
[B] were of little value.
[C] operated mostly off the Atlantic coast.
[D] lasted less than a year.
[E] were supplied by the French.
23. The Confederacy’s most effective commerce-raider was the
[A] Virginia.
[B] Trent.
[C] Monitor.
[D] Merrimack.
[E] Alabama.
24. Napoleon III’s attempt to install Maximilian on the Mexican throne was a clear violation of
[A] the Rush-Bagot agreement.
[B] the Monroe Doctrine.
[C] Spanish sovereignty.
[D] Pan-American treaties.
[E] French neutrality.
25. France abandoned its attempt to control Mexico
[A] when the British pressured them to leave.
[B] because the effort proved to be unprofitable.
[C] when the American Civil War began.
[D] because the United States threatened to send soldiers to force France to leave.
[E] because the Mexicans declared independence.
26. During the Civil War,
[A] the British army in Canada mobilized for intervention.
[B] France made an effort to regain control of Canada.
[C] relations between the Union and Canada were at times very poor.
[D] the Union and Canada became very close allies.
[E] Southerners were unable to use Canada as a base from which to attack the Union.
27. The Southern cause was weakened by
[A] the failure of the Southern people to commit to the ideal of Southern independence.
[B] the constant threat of slave rebellion.
[C] the concept of states’ rights that the Confederacy professed.
[D] a lack of sound military leadership.
[E] a president, Jefferson Davis, who catered to public opinion and did not work hard at his job.
28. As leader of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis
[A] developed a good relationship with his congress.
[B] effectively articulated southern ideals.
[C] enjoyed real personal popularity despite the South’s loss.
[D] defied rather than led public opinion.
[E] was a poor administrator.
29. The problems that Abraham Lincoln experienced as president were less prostrating than those experienced by Jefferson Davis partly because the North
[A] had strong political support from Britain and France.
[B] had fewer internal political divisions.
[C] had a long-established and fully recognized government.
[D] held firm to states’ rights principles.
[E] was united in the cause of abolitionism.
30. As president of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis did not exercise the arbitrary power wielded by Abraham Lincoln because
[A] he did not believe in strong executive action.
[B] Lee’s insistence on keeping his army out of politics.
[C] there was such strong agreement on policy in the South.
[D] of the South’s emphasis on states’ rights.
[E] all of these.
31. To fill the army’s demand for troops, the North relied mainly on
[A] bounty brokers.
[B] the draft.
[C] substitute brokers.
[D] volunteers.
[E] all of these.
32. The Union’s establishment of the National Banking System
[A] was the first significant step toward a unified banking network since 1836.
[B] led to the issuance of depreciated paper money.
[C] resulted in the reestablishment of the Bank of the United States.
[D] established the gold standard in the U.S.
[E] lasted only during the Civil War.
33. During the Civil War, the Union
[A] experienced runaway inflation.
[B] was plagued by unstable banks.
[C] lowered tariff rates.
[D] imposed a 10 percent levy on farm produce.
[E] launched a new national banking system.
34. As a result of the Civil War, the Northern economy
[A] greatly benefited ordinary workers.
[B] became dependent on international trade.
[C] emerged more prosperous than ever before.
[D] saw unscrupulous business practices dramatically reduced.
[E] saw industrial profits improve but agricultural profits fall.
35. The only major Northern industry that suffered economic reversal during the Civil War was
[A] foreign shipping.
[B] wheat farming.
[C] textile manufacturing.
[D] the petroleum industry.
[E] iron manufacturing.
36. During the Civil War, women in the North
[A] worked on farms but not in cities.
[B] had new opportunities opened to them in industry.
[C] agitated for the vote.
[D] saw their numbers in the manufacturing force greatly reduced.
[E] generally played a small role.
37. At the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln favored
[A] ending slavery.
[B] quick military action to show the folly of secession.
[C] postponing military action as long as possible.
[D] long-term enlistments for Union soldiers.
[E] seizing control of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.
38. Lincoln hoped that a Union victory at Bull Run would
[A] lead to the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond.
[B] pull the Border states out of the Confederacy.
[C] destroy the economy of the South.
[D] bring an end to slavery.
[E] all of these.
39. Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) the Battle of Bull Run, (B) the Battle of Gettysburg, (C) Lee’s surrender at Appomattox, (D) the Battle of Antietam.
[A] C, A, D, B
[B] D, B, C, A
[C] A, D, B, C
[D] A, B, D, C
[E] B, C, A,
40. The South’s victory at Bull Run in 1861
[A] forced Lincoln to flee Washington.
[B] demonstrated how difficult Confederate independence would be.
[C] reduced enlistments in the South’s army.
[D] reduced the number of Confederate deserters.
[E] convinced the South of the need to prepare for a protracted conflict.
41. In the Civil War, the South won the battle of
[A] Vicksburg.
[B] Lookout Mountain.
[C] Gettysburg.
[D] Bull Run.
[E] Atlanta.
42. The Union’s defeat in battle at Bull Run in 1861 was better than a victory because
[A] “Stonewall” Jackson was killed.
[B] Ulysses S. Grant took command of the army immediately after the setback.
[C] it caused Lincoln to declare a war against slavery.
[D] the defeat caused Northerners to face up to the reality of a long, difficult war.
[E] all of these.
43. George B. McClellan is best described as
[A] a great strategist.
[B] aggressive.
[C] not very intelligent.
[D] disliked by his own men.
[E] cautious.
44. After assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, General George McClellan made the mistake of
[A] taking too many risks.
[B] not drilling his troops enough to prepare them for battle.
[C] being unconcerned about the morale of his troops.
[D] consistently believing that the enemy outnumbered him.
[E] relying on Lincoln’s military judgment.
45. As a result of the Union loss in the Peninsula Campaign,
[A] the North backed away from total war.
[B] Lincoln named George McClellan commander of the Union forces.
[C] Lincoln began to draft the Emancipation Proclamation.
[D] Winfield Scott was relieved of his command.
[E] the war was forced off southern soil.
46. After the Peninsula Campaign, Union strategy included all of the following except
[A] bypassing the Confederate capital at Richmond.
[B] liberating the slaves.
[C] marching through Georgia and then the Carolinas.
[D] cutting the Confederacy in half.
[E] blockading the Confederacy’s coastline.
47. As a result of the Confederate victory in the Peninsula Campaign,
[A] Lincoln delayed his issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
[B] Lincoln named Ulysses S. Grant as commander of the Union forces.
[C] the Union turned to a strategy of total war.
[D] Lincoln abandoned the war in the West.
[E] Robert E. Lee was named to command the entire Southern army.
48. The final Union war strategy included all the following components except
[A] capturing Richmond.
[B] guerrilla warfare.
[C] a naval blockade.
[D] undermining the Confederate economy.
[E] seizing control of the Mississippi River.
49. Britain did not protest too loudly against the Union naval blockade of the Confederacy because
[A] profits were not high enough to justify the risk.
[B] it would have been useless to try to run the blockade.
[C] the British government clearly supported the Union.
[D] Britain might want to use a similar blockade in a future war.
[E] the blockade did not cut off cotton shipments.
50. The most alarming Confederate threat to the Union blockade came from
[A] swift blockade-running steamers.
[B] British navy vessels on loan to the South.
[C] the sinking of the Union’s Monitor.
[D] the threat of mutiny from pro-southern sailors.
[E] the ironclad Merrimack.
51. The Confederate blockade runner, the Merrimack, was
[A] able to escape to British ports.
[B] destroyed by Union troops.
[C] destroyed by Confederate soldiers.
[D] captured and used by Union troops.
[E] none of these.
52. After halting Lee’s troops at Antietam, General George McClellan
[A] was removed from his field command.
[B] retired from the military.
[C] was appointed to command the main Western army.
[D] marched his army toward Atlanta.
[E] moved to confront Lee again at Gettysburg.
53. One of the key developments enabling the Union to stop the Confederate thrust into the North at Antietam was
[A] the death of Stonewall Jackson during the battle.
[B] Europe’s refusal to help the South before the battle.
[C] the use of the new repeating rifle for the first time.
[D] Lincoln’s removal of General McClellan from his command.
[E] the Union’s discovery of Robert E. Lee’s battle plans.
54. The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were
[A] Peninsula Campaign and Fredericksburg.
[B] Gettysburg and Antietam.
[C] Mobile and Missionary Ridge.
[D] Bull Run and Vicksburg.
[E] Shiloh and Chancellorsville.
55. The Battle of Antietam was particularly critical because it
[A] ended Lee’s plan of invading the North.
[B] ensured the reelection of President Lincoln.
[C] inflated an already dangerous overconfidence among Southerners.
[D] delayed Lincoln’s plan to announce the Emancipation Proclamation.
[E] probably prevented intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the Confederacy.
56. The North’s “victory” at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to
[A] issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
[B] keep General McClellan as commander of the Union forces.
[C] force the Border States to remain in the Union.
[D] seek military assistance from Great Britain.
[E] suppress Copperhead opposition in the North.
57. Slavery was legally abolished in the United States by the
[A] surrender terms of Robert E. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox.
[B] Emancipation Proclamation.
[C] Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
[D] Union victory over the Confederates at Gettysburg.
[E] statutes of the individual states.
58. The Emancipation Proclamation had the effect of
[A] weakening Confederate morale.
[B] strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union.
[C] increasing popular support for the Republicans in the 1864 election.
[D] quieting public opposition to Lincoln’s war policies.
[E] reducing desertions from the Union army.
59. When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared free only those slaves in
[A] the Border States.
[B] United States territories.
[C] areas controlled by the Union army.
[D] slave states that remained loyal to the Union.
[E] states still in rebellion against the United States
60. All of the following occurred as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation except
[A] complaints from abolitionists that it did not go far enough.
[B] heavy congressional defeats for Lincoln’s administration.
[C] the disappearance of European working-class support for the Union.
[D] mounting opposition in the North to an “abolition war.”
[E] sharp increases in Union desertions.
61. During the Civil War
[A] Southern armies found no way of utilizing slave labor.
[B] thousands of slaves rose in armed rebellion behind Southern lines.
[C] about one out of every four Union troops was black.
[D] blacks were enlisted by the Union army only after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued.
[E] captured black soldiers were treated well by Confederates.
.
62. African-Americans who fought for the Union Army in the Civil War
[A] saw little actual combat.
[B] served mainly as supply personnel.
[C] accounted for less than 1 percent of total Union enlistments.
[D] refused to serve under white officers.
[E] served bravely and suffered extremely heavy casualties.
63. The Confederacy enlisted slaves into their army
[A] in recognition that the idea of slavery was wrong.
[B] a month before the war ended.
[C] to help in the attack on Gettysburg.
[D] at the beginning of the war.
[E] as a response to the Emancipation Proclamation.
64. Robert E. Lee decided to invade the North through Pennsylvania in order to
[A] seize Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.
[B] cut Northern supply lines.
[C] force the Union to ease its blockade of the South.
[D] deliver a decisive blow that would strengthen the Northern peace movement.
[E] stir northern draft resisters to rise in revolt.
65. The Battle of Gettysburg was significant because
[A] it guaranteed Lincoln’s re-election in 1864.
[B] the war ended shortly thereafter.
[C] it was decided so quickly.
[D] the Union had uncovered the Confederates’ battle plans wrapped around cigars.
[E] Union victory meant that the Southern cause was doomed.
66. The Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance because
[A] it cut off the supply of cattle and other goods from Texas and Louisiana.
[B] it reopened the Mississippi River to Northern trade.
[C] it helped to quell Northern peace agitation.
[D] coupled with the victory at Gettysburg, foreign help for the Confederacy was irretrievably lost.
[E] all of these.
67. One consequence of General William T. Sherman’s style of warfare was
[A] a shorter war that saved lives.
[B] the loss of more lives.
[C] southern resignation to defeat.
[D] fewer desertions on the Confederate side.
[E] a longer war.
68. The group in the North most dangerous to the Union cause was the
[A] Northern Peace Democrats.
[B] Northern War Democrats.
[C] Radical Republicans.
[D] African-Americans.
[E] Union Party.
69. Clement L. Vallandigham, a Southern sympathizer and vocal opponent of the war, was derisively labeled a
[A] Carpetbagger.
[B] Prince of Jesters.
[C] Contraband.
[D] Doughface.
[E] Copperhead.
70. In the election of 1864, the Republicans joined with the prowar Democrats and founded the __________ party.
[A] National
[B] Union
[C] Progressive
[D] Liberty
[E] Federal
71. In the 1864 election, Abraham Lincoln’s running mate was
[A] Wendell Phillips.
[B] Stephen A. Douglas.
[C] Salmon P. Chase.
[D] Andrew Johnson.
[E] William Tecumseh Sherman.
72. In the l864 election, the Democratic party nominated __________ to oppose Lincoln’s reelection.
[A] Ulysses S. Grant
[B] Clement C. Vallandigham
[C] George McClellan
[D] Andrew Johnson
[E] Horace Greeley
73. The Union army’s victory in the capture of __________ was probably critical to Lincoln’s reelection in 1864.
[A] Richmond
[B] Atlanta
[C] Vicksburg
[D] Gettysburg
[E] Antietam
74. General Ulysses S. Grant’s basic strategy in the Civil War involved
[A] assailing the enemy’s armies simultaneously and directly.
[B] attacking the enemy one army at a time.
[C] surrounding enemy armies for a long siege.
[D] extensive use of interior line defense.
[E] striking tactically from the flanks.
75. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln
[A] saved him from possible impeachment.
[B] benefited the South.
[C] brought an abolitionist to the White House.
[D] had little effect on Reconstruction.
[E] was a calamity for the South.
76. The supreme test of American democracy in the nineteenth century was
[A] the Revolution.
[B] the War of 1812.
[C] surviving the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
[D] the Civil War.
[E] helping Britain to pass the Reform Bill of 1867.
77. The Civil War resulted in which of the following?
[A] expanded federal powers of taxation
[B] the end of slavery
[C] the creation of the first federal social welfare agency
[D] the end of nullification and secession
[E] all of these
78. The fate of the Confederate leaders after 1865 was that
[A] all were eventually pardoned.
[B] none was ever allowed to hold political office again.
[C] several went into exile in Brazil.
[D] several were executed for treason.
[E] most were jailed for an extended period of time.
79. In the postwar South
[A] the economy was utterly devastated.
[B] the much-feared inflation never materialized.
[C] the emancipation of slaves had surprisingly little economic consequence.
[D] industry and transportation were damaged, but Southern agriculture continued to flourish.
[E] poorer whites benefited from the end of plantation slavery.
80. At the end of the Civil War, many white Southerners
[A] reluctantly supported the federal government.
[B] asked for pardons so that they could once again hold political office and vote.
[C] still believed that their view of secession was correct.
[D] accepted the fact, however reluctantly, that the war was wrong.
[E] saw their former slaves in a new light.
81. Freedom for Southern blacks at the end of the Civil War
[A] enabled large numbers to move to the big cities in the North.
[B] came haltingly and unevenly in different parts of the conquered Confederacy.
[C] was a source of considerable anxiety.
[D] came with relative ease.
[E] was achieved without the use of Union soldiers.
82. For blacks, emancipation meant all of the following except
[A] the ability to search for lost family.
[B] the opportunity to form their own churches.
[C] the opportunity for an education.
[D] the right to get married.
[E] that large numbers would move north.
83. In 1865, Southern
[A] whites quickly admitted they had been wrong in trying to secede and win Southern independence.
[B] whites rapidly emancipated their slaves.
[C] blacks looked to the federal government for help.
[D] blacks often began traveling to test their freedom, search for family members, and seek economic opportunity.
[E] blacks uniformly turned in anger and revenge against their former masters.
84. The “Exodusters” westward move to Kansas faltered when
[A] they failed to receive the promised homesteads.
[B] the Fifteenth Amendment was passed.
[C] they began migrating North.
[D] steamboat captains refused to transport them across the Mississippi.
[E] none of these.
85. The greatest achievements of the Freedmen’s Bureau were in
[A] its distribution of land.
[B] all of these.
[C] helping people to find employment.
[D] education.
[E] the provision of food and clothing.
86. The white South viewed the Freedmen’s Bureau as
[A] a valued partner in rebuilding the South.
[B] more helpful in the North than the South.
[C] an agency acceptable only because it also helped poor whites.
[D] a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance.
[E] a threat to state social service agencies.
87. In President Andrew Johnson’s view, the Freedmen’s Bureau was
[A] a valuable agency.
[B] acceptable only because it also helped poor whites.
[C] an agency that should be killed.
[D] a potential source of Republican patronage jobs.
[E] supported by neither Northerners nor Southerners.
88. As vice president, Andrew Johnson
[A] was known for his ignorance.
[B] advocated states’ rights.
[C] championed a strong federal government.
[D] had been insubordinate to President Lincoln.
[E] was known as a heavy drinker.
89. As a politician, Andrew Johnson developed a reputation as
[A] a supporter of the planter aristocrats.
[B] a secret Confederate sympathizer.
[C] a champion of the poor whites.
[D] a poor public speaker.
[E] an opponent of slavery.
90. The controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the Confederate states to the Union demonstrated
[A] President Lincoln’s desire for a harsh reconstruction plan.
[B] that a Congressional majority believed that the South had never legally left the Union.
[C] the deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress.
[D] the Republicans’ fear of re-admitting Confederate leaders to Congress.
[E] the close ties that were developing between President Lincoln and the Democrats.
91. In his 10 percent plan for Reconstruction, President Lincoln promised
[A] former slaves the right to vote.
[B] severe punishment of Southern political and military leaders.
[C] rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union.
[D] a plan to allow 10 percent of blacks to vote.
[E] the restoration of the planter aristocracy to political power.
92. That the Southern states were “conquered provinces” and therefore at the mercy of Congress for readmission to the Union was the view of
[A] the Supreme Court.
[B] President Johnson.
[C] War Democrats.
[D] congressional Republicans.
[E] President Lincoln.
93. President Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction
[A] guaranteed former slaves the right to vote.
[B] established literacy tests for voting in the South.
[C] differed radically from Lincoln’s.
[D] took away the right to vote from Confederate leaders and wealthy planters.
[E] required that all former Confederate states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
94. The main purpose of the Black Codes was to
[A] ensure a stable labor supply.
[B] prevent blacks from becoming sharecroppers.
[C] guarantee freedom for the blacks.
[D] create a system of justice for ex-slaves.
[E] allow blacks to marry.
95. The Black Codes provided for all of the following except
[A] punishment of blacks for idleness.
[B] voting by blacks.
[C] fines for blacks who jumped labor contracts.
[D] a ban on jury service by blacks.
[E] a bar on blacks from renting land.
96. To many Northerners, the Black Codes seemed to indicate that
[A] the transition to black freedom would be difficult.
[B] presidential Reconstruction was working.
[C] the Civil War had been worth the sacrifice.
[D] possibly the North had not really won the Civil War.
[E] the rights of blacks were being protected.
97. For congressional Republicans, one of the most troubling aspects of the Southern states’ restoration to the Union was that
[A] inexperienced Southern politicians would be elected.
[B] blacks might actually gain election to the U.S. Congress.
[C] the South would be stronger than ever in national politics.
[D] slavery might be re-established.
[E] a high tariff might be reinstituted.
98. The incident that caused the clash between Congress and President Johnson to explode into the open was
[A] Johnson’s veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen’s Bureau.
[B] the South’s regaining control of the Senate.
[C] the attempt to pass the Fourteenth Amendment.
[D] the creation of the sharecropping system.
[E] passage of the Thirteenth Amendment.
99. The first ex-Confederate state to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment and thus be readmitted to the Union under congressional Reconstruction was
[A] Louisiana.
[B] Tennessee.
[C] Virginia.
[D] West Virginia.
[E] Arkansas.
100. The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed
[A] land for former slaves.
[B] education to former slaves.
[C] freed slaves the right to vote.
[D] citizenship to freed slaves.
[E] freedom to slaves.
