APUSH EXAM
Chapters 16-19
Please write your answers on Notebook paper and have ready in class on Tuesday 1/17 for B day classes and Wednesday 1/18 for A day classes.
1. As a result of the introduction of the cotton gin,
[A] the African slave trade was legalized.
[B] fewer slaves were needed on the plantations.
[C] slavery was reinvigorated.
[D] Thomas Jefferson predicted the gradual death of slavery.
[E] short-staple cotton lost popularity.
2. Members of the planter aristocracy
[A] promoted tax-supported public education.
[B] produced fewer front-rank statesmen than the North.
[C] kept up with developments in modern thought.
[D] dominated society and politics in the South.
[E] provided democratic rule in the South.
3. Plantation agriculture
[A] discouraged immigration to the West.
[B] was economically unstable and wasteful.
[C] encouraged southern democracy.
[D] led to a slow return on investments.
[E] remained diverse until the Civil War.
4. The plantation system of the Cotton South was
[A] efficient at utilizing natural resources.
[B] attractive to European immigrants.
[C] financially stable.
[D] increasingly monopolistic.
[E] unable to expand westward.
5. All of the following were weaknesses of the slave plantation system except that
[A] it repelled a large-scale European immigration.
[B] it relied on a one-crop economy.
[C] it created an aristocratic political elite.
[D] its land continued to remain in the hands of the small farmers.
[E] it stimulated racism among poor whites.
6. As their main crop, southern subsistence farmers raised
[A] sugar cane.
[B] corn.
[C] rice.
[D] tobacco.
[E] cotton.
7. Most white southerners were
[A] small slaveowners.
[B] merchants and artisans.
[C] planter aristocrats.
[D] nonslaveowning subsistence farmers.
[E] “poor white trash.”
8. By the mid-nineteenth century,
[A] most southerners owned slaves.
[B] slavery was a dying institution.
[C] the smaller slaveholders owned a majority of the slaves.
[D] most slaves lived on large plantations.
[E] southerners were growing defensive about slavery.
9. Most slaves in the South were owned by
[A] mountain whites.
[B] small farmers.
[C] plantation owners.
[D] subsistence farmers.
[E] industrialists.
10. The majority of southern whites owned no slaves because
[A] they could not afford the purchase price.
[B] they opposed slavery.
[C] their urban location did not require them.
[D] their racism would not allow them to work alongside African-Americans.
[E] they feared the possibility of slave revolts.
11. Some southern slaves gained their freedom as a result of
[A] fleeing to mountain hideaways.
[B] the prohibition of the Atlantic slave trade after 1807.
[C] purchase by northern abolitionists.
[D] the objection to slaveholding by some white women.
[E] purchasing their way out of slavery.
12. The great increase of the slave population in the first half of the nineteenth century was largely due to
[A] reenslavement of free blacks.
[B] natural reproduction.
[C] the reopening of the African slave trade in 1808.
[D] the deliberate “breeding” of slaves by plantation owners.
[E] larger imports of slaves from the West Indies.
13. Northern attitudes toward free blacks can best be described as
[A] disliking the race but liking individual blacks.
[B] politically sympathetic but socially segregationist.
[C] supporting their right to full citizenship.
[D] advocating black movement into the new territories.
[E] very racist.
14. For free blacks living in the North,
[A] voting rights were widespread.
[B] education opened the door to economic opportunity.
[C] discrimination was common.
[D] good jobs were plentiful.
[E] living conditions were nearly equal to those for whites.
15. The profitable southern slave system
[A] saw many slaves moving to the upper South.
[B] led to the textile industry’s development in the South first.
[C] hobbled the economic development of the region as a whole.
[D] enabled the South to afford economic and educational progress.
[E] relied almost totally on importing slaves to meet the unquenchable demand for labor.
16. Regarding work assignments, slaves were
[A] given some of the most dangerous jobs.
[B] usually given skilled rather than menial jobs.
[C] generally supervised in small groups.
[D] generally spared dangerous work.
[E] given the same jobs as Irish laborers.
17. Perhaps the slave’s greatest horror, and the theme of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, was
[A] the breeding of slaves.
[B] having to do the most dangerous work on the plantation.
[C] slaveowners’ frequent use of the whip.
[D] forcible sexual assault by slaveowners.
[E] the enforced separation of slave families.
18. By 1860, slaves were concentrated in the “black belt” located in the
[A] Deep South states of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.
[B] border states of Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland.
[C] old South states of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
[D] mountain regions of Tennessee, West Virginia, and Kentucky.
[E] new Southwest states of Texas, Arkansas, and Indian Territory.
19. As a substitute for the wage-incentive system, slaveowners most often used the
[A] whip as a motivator.
[B] incentive of free time for holidays.
[C] promise of eventual freedom.
[D] reward of some legal rights.
[E] right to hold private property.
20. Most slaves were raised
[A] knowing both African languages and English.
[B] without religion.
[C] without the benefit of a stable home life.
[D] never knowing anything about their relatives.
[E] in stable two-person households.
21. Slaves fought the system of slavery in all of the following ways except by
[A] refusing to get an education.
[B] pilfering goods that their labor had produced.
[C] running away when possible.
[D] slowing down the work pace.
[E] sabotaging expensive equipment.
22. As a result of white southerners’ brutal treatment of their slaves and their fear of potential slave rebellions, the South
[A] adopted British attitudes toward the “peculiar institution.”
[B] emancipated many slaves.
[C] developed a theory of biological racial superiority.
[D] formed alliances with white imperialists in Africa.
[E] shed its image as a reactionary backwater.
23. In the pre-Civil War South, the most uncommon and least successful form of slave resistance was
[A] feigned laziness.
[B] running away.
[C] armed insurrection.
[D] stealing food and other goods.
[E] sabotage of plantation equipment.
24. The idea of transporting blacks back to Africa was
[A] the result of the widespread loathing of blacks in America.
[B] suggested by the African nation of Liberia.
[C] never carried out.
[D] proposed by William Lloyd Garrison.
[E] advocated by Frederick Douglass.
25. In arguing for the continuation of slavery after 1830, southerners
[A] were in opposition to the North but on the side of the Western world.
[B] failed to compare slaves with the northern factory worker.
[C] placed themselves in opposition to much of the rest of the Western world.
[D] aligned themselves with leading European intellectuals.
[E] allowed considerable dissent in the South.
26. The Whigs placed John Tyler on the 1840 ticket as vice president to
[A] win northern votes.
[B] reward him for his strong support of the Whig party platform.
[C] have him instead of President William Henry Harrison actually run the executive branch.
[D] respond to the Democrats’ expansionist appeal.
[E] attract the vote of the states’ rightists.
27. After President John Tyler’s veto of a bill to establish a new Bank of the United States,
[A] he was expelled from the Whig party.
[B] Tyler also vetoed a Whig-sponsored high-tariff bill.
[C] an attempt was made in the House of Representatives to impeach him.
[D] all but one member of his cabinet resigned.
[E] all of these.
28. As a result of the panic of 1837,
[A] Britain lent money to America, its close ally.
[B] the Democrats led America into war for more territory.
[C] the U.S. established restrictions on foreign loans.
[D] anti-British passions cooled in America.
[E] several states defaulted on their debts to Britain.
29. The Aroostook War was the result of
[A] the offer of asylum to the crew of the Creole.
[B] the Caroline incident.
[C] a fishing dispute between Britain and the U.S.
[D] a short-lived insurrection in British Canada.
[E] a dispute over the northern boundary of Maine.
30. Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) annexation of Texas, (B) Webster-Ashburton Treaty, (C) settlement of the Oregon boundary, (D) Aroostook War.
[A] A, D, C, B
[B] B, D, C, A
[C] C, A, B, D
[D] D, B, A, C
[E] A, B, D, C
31. Some people in Britain hoped for a British alliance with Texas because
[A] the alliance would help to support the Monroe Doctrine.
[B] Texas could become a location for the settlement of undesirable British emigrants.
[C] this area would provide an excellent base from which to attack the United States.
[D] Mexican efforts to attack the United States would be stopped.
[E] the alliance would give abolitionists the opportunity to free slaves in Texas.
32. One argument against annexing Texas to the United States was that the annexation
[A] could involve the country in a series of ruinous wars in America and Europe.
[B] offered little of value to America.
[C] was not supported by the people of Texas.
[D] might give more power to the supporters of slavery.
[E] would lead to tensions and possible war with Mexico.
33. Texas was annexed to the United States as a result of
[A] President Tyler’s desire to help his troubled administration.
[B] Senate approval of the Treaty of Annexation.
[C] a compromise to admit free-state Iowa at the same time.
[D] a presidential order by Andrew Jackson.
[E] the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.
34. Arrange in chronological order the United States’ acquisition of (A) Oregon, (B) Texas, (C) California.
[A] A, C, B
[B] C, B, A
[C] B, C, A
[D] B, A, C
[E] A, B, C
35. The primary group that was instrumental in strengthening and saving American claims to Oregon were
[A] Mormon settlers from Utah.
[B] the Hudson’s Bay Company.
[C] the Lewis and Clark expedition.
[D] U.S. naval forces in Puget Sound.
[E] American missionaries to the Indians.
36. Most Americans who migrated to the Oregon Country were attracted by the
[A] hope of finding a better trade route to East Asia.
[B] discovery of gold and silver in the Cascade Mountains.
[C] potential profits in the fur trade.
[D] expectation of fighting British troops.
[E] rich soil of the Willamette River Valley.
37. The nomination of James K. Polk as the Democrats’ 1844 presidential candidate was secured by
[A] Henry Clay.
[B] eastern business interests.
[C] proslavery forces.
[D] anti-Texas southerners.
[E] expansionists.
38. In the 1840s, the view that God had ordained the growth of an American nation stretching across North America was called
[A] continentalism.
[B] isolationism.
[C] anglophobia.
[D] Manifest Destiny.
[E] Divine Mandate.
39. In the presidential election of 1844, the Whig candidate, Henry Clay,
[A] ignored the issue of the annexation of Texas.
[B] favored dividing Texas into several states.
[C] opposed the annexation of Texas.
[D] called for immediate annexation of Texas.
[E] favored postponing the annexation of Texas.
40. The election of 1844 was notable because
[A] it was fought over numerous issues.
[B] it brought the slavery issue into politics.
[C] a genuine mandate emerged.
[D] Polk won the electoral vote but lost the popular vote.
[E] the campaign raised no real issues.
41. The group most supportive of gaining control of all the Oregon Country was the
[A] Californians.
[B] southern Democrats.
[C] Whigs.
[D] Protestant missionaries.
[E] northern Democrats.
42. In his quest for California, President James K. Polk
[A] argued strongly for annexation, because Americans were the most numerous people in the area.
[B] advocated war with Mexico from the beginning.
[C] first advocated buying the area from Mexico.
[D] sought British help to persuade Mexico to sell the area to the United States.
[E] was motivated by his knowledge of gold deposits there.
43. In 1846 the United States went to war with Mexico for all of the following reasons except
[A] the ideology of Manifest Destiny.
[B] the impulse to satisfy those asking for “spot” resolutions.
[C] the deaths of American soldiers at the hands of Mexicans.
[D] the desire to gain payment for damage claims against the Mexican government.
[E] Polk’s desire to acquire California.
44. One goal of Mexico in its 1846-1848 war with the United States was to
[A] free black slaves.
[B] capture slaves and take them back to Mexico.
[C] regain control of Texas.
[D] force America to make good on unpaid claims of damages to Mexican citizens.
[E] demonstrate the strength of Latino culture.
45. When the war with Mexico began, President James K. Polk
[A] found that he could trust dethroned Mexican dictator Santa Anna.
[B] advocated taking all of Mexico.
[C] hoped to fight a limited war, ending with the conquest of California.
[D] supported a large-scale conflict.
[E] denied any intention of expanding slavery.
46. The terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ending the Mexican War included
[A] the banning of slavery from all territory ceded to the United States.
[B] United States annexation of Texas.
[C] a guarantee of the rights of Mexicans living in New Mexico.
[D] a requirement that Mexico pay $3.25 million in damages to the United States.
[E] United States payment of $15 million for the cession of northern Mexico.
47. Those people most opposed to President James K. Polk’s expansionist program were the
[A] western Democrats.
[B] proslavery Whigs.
[C] supporters of Nicholas P. Trist.
[D] Senate Democrats.
[E] antislavery forces.
48. The Wilmot Proviso
[A] settled once and for all the issue of slavery in California.
[B] gained House and Senate approval in 1846.
[C] symbolized the burning issue of slavery in the territories.
[D] left open the issue of slavery in New Mexico and Utah.
[E] allowed slavery in the territory taken from Mexico in 1848.
49. The largest single addition to American territory was
[A] the Old Northwest.
[B] Alaska.
[C] the Oregon Country.
[D] the Louisiana Purchase.
[E] the Mexican Cession.
50. The first Old World Europeans to come to California were
[A] Dutch.
[B] English.
[C] French.
[D] Russians.
[E] Spanish.
51. The Californios’ political ascendancy in California ended
[A] when agriculture became more profitable than mining.
[B] when Mexico gained control of the area in 1826.
[C] when the U.S. government made English mandatory.
[D] as a result of the influx of Anglo golddiggers.
[E] with the arrival of Franciscan friars.
52. In order to maintain the two great political parties as vital bonds of national unity, early-nineteenth-century politicians
[A] decided to allow slavery into all United States territories.
[B] avoided public discussion of slavery.
[C] decided to ban slavery from all United States territories.
[D] worked to make third parties almost impossible.
[E] banished abolitionists from membership in either national party.
53. The United States’ victory in the Mexican War resulted in
[A] renewed controversy over the issue of extending slavery into the territories.
[B] a rush of settlers to new American territory in California.
[C] a possible split in the Whig and Democrat parties over slavery.
[D] the cession by Mexico of an enormous amount of land to the United States.
[E] all of these.
54. The Wilmot Proviso, if adopted, would have
[A] required California to enter the Union as a slave state.
[B] prohibited slavery in any territory acquired in the Mexican War.
[C] prevented the taking of any territory from Mexico.
[D] overturned the Fugitive Slave Law.
[E] all of these.
55. In 1848, the Free Soil party platform advocated all of the following except
[A] free government homesteads for settlers.
[B] internal improvements.
[C] an end to slavery in the District of Columbia.
[D] support of the Wilmot Proviso.
[E] opposition to slavery in the territories.
56. According to the principle of “popular sovereignty,” the question of slavery in the territories would be determined by
[A] the most popular national leaders.
[B] a Supreme Court decision.
[C] congressional legislation.
[D] the vote of the people in any given territory.
[E] a national referendum.
57. The public liked popular sovereignty because it
[A] fit in with the democratic tradition of self-determination.
[B] stopped the spread of slavery.
[C] provided a national solution to the problem of slavery.
[D] supported the Wilmot Proviso.
[E] upheld the principles of white supremacy.
58. In the 1848 presidential election, the Democratic and Whig parties
[A] were divided on the issue of admitting California.
[B] abandoned the tactic of nominating military leaders.
[C] addressed the issue of slavery.
[D] lost to the Free Soil party.
[E] remained silent on the issue of slavery.
59. The key issue for the major parties in the 1848 presidential election was
[A] expansion.
[B] personalities.
[C] Indian removal.
[D] slavery.
[E] the economy.
60. The Free Soldiers argued that slavery
[A] would, through its profits, enable small farmers to buy more land.
[B] was unsuited to the West.
[C] would cause more costly wage labor to wither away.
[D] should be gradually abolished.
[E] all of these.
61. Of those people going to California during the gold rush,
[A] most were interested in free-soil farming.
[B] the majority gained considerable financial rewards.
[C] the majority had come from foreign nations.
[D] a distressingly high proportion were lawless men.
[E] slaves constituted a sizable minority.
62. The Free Soilers condemned slavery because
[A] of moral principles.
[B] it damaged the national economy.
[C] of the harm it did to blacks.
[D] it destroyed the chances of free white workers to rise to self-employment.
[E] it was the only way they had of combating the appeal of the Democratic party.
63. By 1850, the South
[A] remained concerned about its weak voice in national government.
[B] recognized that slavery expansion was over.
[C] feared that slavery might be abolished in states where it already existed.
[D] was experiencing economic difficulties.
[E] was relatively well off, politically and economically.
64. Harriet Tubman gained fame
[A] as an African-American antislavery novelist.
[B] in the gold fields of California.
[C] by urging white women to oppose slavery.
[D] as an advocate of the Fugitive Slave Law.
[E] by helping slaves to escape to Canada.
65. During the 1850s, slaves gained their freedom most frequently by
[A] self-purchase.
[B] persuading masters to free them.
[C] running away.
[D] rebellion.
[E] use of federal laws.
66. John C. Calhoun’s plan to protect the South and slavery involved
[A] a constitutional amendment permanently guaranteeing equal numbers of slave and free states.
[B] repealing the president’s veto power.
[C] support of Henry Clay’s proposed concessions by both the North and the South.
[D] southern secession from the Union.
[E] the election of two presidents, one from the North and one from the South.
67. Daniel Webster’s famed Seventh of March speech in 1850 resulted in
[A] a shift toward compromise in the North.
[B] Senate rejection of a fugitive-slave law.
[C] a movement to draft him for the presidency.
[D] condemnation by northern commercial interests.
[E] charges of accepting bribes.
68. President Zachary Taylor unknowingly helped the cause of compromise in 1850 when he
[A] died suddenly and Millard Fillmore became president.
[B] supported fellow southerner John C. Calhoun’s plan for union.
[C] led an invasion of Texas to halt its attempts to take part of New Mexico.
[D] ushered in a second Era of Good Feelings.
[E] decided not to run for re-election.
69. In the Compromise of 1850, Congress determined that slavery in the New Mexico and Utah territories was
[A] to be decided by popular sovereignty.
[B] to be banned.
[C] protected by federal law.
[D] to be ignored until either territory applied for admission to statehood.
[E] to be decided by the Mormon Church.
70. The most alarming aspect of the Compromise of 1850 to northerners was the decision concerning
[A] continuation of the interstate slave trade.
[B] settlement of the Texas-New Mexico boundary dispute.
[C] the new Fugitive Slave Law.
[D] slavery in the New Mexico and Utah territories.
[E] slavery in the District of Columbia.
71. The Fugitive Slave Law included all of the following provisions except
[A] denial of fleeing slaves’ right to testify on their own behalf.
[B] denial of a jury trial to runaway slaves.
[C] a higher payment if officials determined blacks to be runaways.
[D] the requirement that fugitive slaves be returned from Canada.
[E] the penalty of imprisonment for northerners who helped slaves to escape.
72. In light of future evidence, it seems apparent that in the Compromise of 1850 the South made a tactical blunder by
[A] demanding a strong fugitive-slave law.
[B] not insisting on federal protection of slavery in the territories.
[C] allowing a ban on the slave trade in Washington, D.C.
[D] allowing the admission of California as a free state.
[E] allowing popular sovereignty in Nebraska territory.
73. The fatal split in the Whig party in 1852 occurred over
[A] the nomination of General Winfield Scott or Daniel Webster.
[B] the transcontinental railroad route.
[C] the Gadsden Purchase.
[D] homestead laws.
[E] slavery.
74. The election of 1852 was significant because it
[A] saw the rise of purely national parties.
[B] saw the victory of a pro-South northerner.
[C] marked the return of issues-oriented campaigning.
[D] saw the emergence of an antislavery third party.
[E] marked the end of the Whig party.
75. The prime objective of Manifest Destiny in the 1850s was
[A] Nicaragua.
[B] Panama.
[C] Hawaii.
[D] Cuba.
[E] the Dominican Republic.
